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<title>Euro-Synergies - geopolitique</title>
<description>Forum des résistants européens</description>
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<title>La lezione di Karl Haushofer e la discreta presenza di Giuseppe Tucci nel dibattito geopolitico degli anni trenta</title>
<link>http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/archive/2009/10/16/44563da2d2d5ae2a6e544a13740e66cf.html</link>
<author>noreply@hautetfort.com (Ratatosk)</author>
<category>Géopolitique</category>
<pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2009 00:05:00 +0100</pubDate>
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&lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 32pt; color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/media/01/01/587954635.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;giuseppe-tucci.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-width: 0; float: left; margin: 0.2em 1.4em 0.7em 0;&quot; id=&quot;media-2044540&quot; /&gt;La lezione di Karl Haushofer e la discreta presenza di Giuseppe Tucci nel dibattito geopolitico degli anni trenta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 32pt; color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Con la pubblicazione del testo di una conferenza del geopolitico tedesco Karl Haushofer[1], dedicata alle affinità culturali tra l’Italia, la Germania e il Giappone, viene inaugurata, a cura delle Edizioni all’insegna del Veltro, la collana “Quaderni di Geopolitica”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;La conferenza “Analogie di sviluppo politico e culturale in Italia, Germania e Giappone“ venne tenuta dal professore tedesco, su invito del grande orientalista e tibetologo italiano&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;Giuseppe Tucci&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;[2], il 12 marzo 1937, a Roma, presso l’Istituto per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente (ISMEO)[3].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;Essa si inserisce, storicamente, come peraltro puntualmente evidenziato dal curatore del Quaderno, Carlo Terracciano, nel contesto delle attività culturali volte a informare e sensibilizzare l’intellighenzia italiana sulle opportunità e necessità, nonché problematicità, sottese all’accordo politico-militare relativo all’asse Roma-Berlino, siglato tra Italia e Germania il 24 ottobre 1936, e a quello &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;antikomintern&lt;/i&gt; firmato, nello stesso periodo, tra Germania e Giappone. Ma testimonia soprattutto un aspetto, ancora poco esplorato dagli storici della cultura e della politica estera italiana, quello delle attività dell’ISMEO, ed in particolare del suo fondatore e vicepresidente,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;Giuseppe Tucci&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;- originale ed inascoltato assertore dell’unità geopolitica dell’Eurasia[4] - orientate alla promozione di una visione culturale, geopoliticamente fondante, dei rapporti tra l’Europa e il continente asiatico.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;Un’impostazione, quella del&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;Tucci&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;, che si contraddistingue per essere non solo puramente culturale, accademica e, occasionalmente, di supporto alla nuova politica dell’appena nato impero italiano, ma per operare una sorta di svecchiamento, sia in ambito culturale che politico, dell’ancora persistente mentalità piccolo nazionalista sabauda che, nel solco della prassi colonialista italiana dei primi del Novecento, tentava di condizionare il nuovo corso impresso dal governo di Mussolini alla politica estera. A questo riguardo è utile riportare l’acuta osservazione di Alessandro Grossato che, sulla base di una lunga e profonda consuetudine con l’opera di&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;G. Tucci&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;, ritiene il fondatore dell’ISMEO un vero e proprio eurasiatista ed afferma che l’espressione “Eurasia, un continente” veniva intesa dall’orientalista marchigiano in un’accezione “soprattutto culturale, volendo [con essa] sottolineare le grandi identità di fondo fra civiltà solo in apparenza così distanti nello spazio e nella mentalità”[5].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;Il convincimento di&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;Tucci&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;sulla culturale identità di fondo delle civiltà eurasiane suppone un’adesione, da parte dello studioso italiano, a quel sistema di pensiero che interpreta le singole culture quali autonome ed autoconsistenti manifestazioni storiche di un unico sapere primordiale e ad esso le riconduce al fine di coglierne gli aspetti autenticamente fondativi. Il ricondurre le varie espressioni culturali ad un’unica tradizione primordiale si traduce, sul piano della ricerca storica e dell’analisi geopolitica, in un procedimento comparativo, che Haushofer, (inconsapevolmente e) magistralmente, adotta e utilizza in questa breve conferenza dedicata a individuare le analogie tra l’Italia, la Germania e il Giappone. Haushofer, pur basandosi su criteri oggettivi e “scientifici”, quali sono quelli della geopolitica, sorprendentemente[6], perviene agli stessi risultati cui sembra essere giunto&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;Tucci&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;. Il geopolitico tedesco, infatti, nella sintetica e veloce conclusione di questa conferenza, si augura che “Possa questo modo di vedere i popoli [l’essersi cioè egli adoperato, nella sua prolusione, a porre in piena luce le armonie e le analogie che possono facilitare la comprensione reciproca dei grandi popoli tedesco, italiano e giapponese] superare qualunque tempesta d’odio di razza e di classe, soprattutto tra i sostegni del futuro.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16pt; color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Certo, chi è abituato a sentir parlare di Haushofer come un rappresentante del cieco e rozzo pangermanesimo, o del cosiddetto imperialismo germanico, rimarrà stupito nel leggere questa frase appena citata.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;Sarà proprio il fallimento della naturale alleanza eurasiatica, preconizzata negli anni Trenta dagli Haushofer, dai&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;Tucci&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;e dai Konoe[7], a far precipitare i popoli e le nazioni dell’intero globo in una tempesta di cui ancora, dopo oltre sessanta anni, non si intravede la fine e che, anzi, è continuamente alimentata dall’odierna politica neocolonialista dei governi di Washington e Londra e dai propagandisti dello scontro di civiltà.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/media/00/01/278069772.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;stor_6731307_38420.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-width: 0; float: right; margin: 0.2em 0 1.4em 0.7em;&quot; id=&quot;media-2044541&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16pt; color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Il procedimento comparativo adottato da Haushofer lungi dall’appiattire le differenze tra i popoli presi in considerazione e dallo svilirne le appartenenze etniche, in virtù della generica appartenenza al genere umano e secondo la triste e riduttiva visione individualista, valorizza armonicamente, al contrario, le affinità e le differenze, e le riconduce ad un’analoga condivisione, pur con sensibilità diverse, di valori che potremmo definire ad un tempo etici ed estetici, cioè “nobili”. Essi si esprimono, nella visione haushoferiana, sia per il Giappone, sia per la Germania, l’Italia, e la Russia in una loro precisa funzione geopolitica, quella di concorrere all’unificazione della massa continentale e di difenderne pertanto il &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;limes&lt;/i&gt;, al fine di poter sviluppare armonicamente le potenzialità delle popolazioni che vi abitano. Si contrappongono dunque alle “invasioni” degli uomini del mare, del commercio, della morale individualistica, del lusso e del consumo, ai predatori delle risorse naturali.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16pt; color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Il testo di Haushofer si contraddistingue per la sua chiarezza e semplicità, ed in questo senso rappresenta un documento didattico di rilevante importanza per gli studiosi di geopolitica. Da scienziato della geopolitica, egli evidenzia gli elementi geografici che hanno influito sulla storia e sulla politica dei tre popoli in esame, soffermandosi brevemente sulla analoga formazione delle cellule regionali avvenuta in Germania e in Giappone, e sulla fondazione di Roma, Berlino e Tokyo, città fondate originariamente sul confine nordest delle loro regioni, e “debitrici di una parte del loro splendore alla circostanza che la loro posizione di margine, in origine coloniale, si rivelò più tardi favorevolissima agli scambi ed ebbe funzione di ponte. Il &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;flavus Tiberis&lt;/i&gt;, l’originaria valle di congiunzione dell’Oder coll’Elba, e il Kwanto col ponte Nihon provvedono alle città rispettive una posizione similmente favorevole e sono loro debitrici di analoga protezione”. Ma accanto ai dettami del determinismo geopolitico, Haushofer sottolinea le affinità culturali tra Italia, Germania e Giappone, che nota soprattutto nel “ghibellin fuggiasco” Dante Alighieri, araldo dell’idea imperiale, in Chikafusa[8], un altro grande fuggiasco nonché impareggiabile autore del &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Jinnoshiki&lt;/i&gt;, e nei &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Minnesaenger&lt;/i&gt; tedeschi “fedeli all’Imperatore e al popolo”. Altre affinità colte da Haushofer sono quella tra lo spirito della Cavalleria occidentale e il Bushido giapponese e quella dei comportamenti tra coloro che egli chiama gli eroi fondatori del risorgimento nazionale: Ota Nobunaga, Sickingen-Wallestein, Cesare Borgia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16pt; color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Haushofer sostiene che si possa parlare anche per il Giappone, come per l’Italia e la Germania, di un periodo romanico, gotico, rinascimentale, barocco, di un rococò, di un romanticismo e financo di uno stile impero.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16pt; color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Un termine che ricorre spesso negli scritti Haushofer è quello di “destino”. E’ forse nel sintagma “destino comune” che si esprimono più compiutamente le affinità di popoli (apparentemente) tanto diversi sul piano culturale e etnicamente differenti su quello fisico. La coscienza di un destino comune dei popoli e delle nazioni che vivono nel “paesaggio” eurasiatico è la sola arma che abbiamo per sconfiggere la civilizzazione occidentalistica e talassocratica dei predoni del XXI secolo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Tiberio Graziani&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16pt; color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Karl Haushofer, &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Italia, Germania, Giappone&lt;/i&gt;, a cura di Carlo Terracciano, Collana “Quaderni di Geopolitica”, Edizioni all’Insegna del Veltro, Parma, 2004.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/media/00/02/1796502796.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;TIB-Tibet-pays-des-neiges.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-width: 0; float: left; margin: 0.2em 1.4em 0.7em 0;&quot; id=&quot;media-2044543&quot; /&gt;[1] Karl Haushofer (Monaco, 27 agosto 1869 – Berlino, 10 marzo 1946), fondatore della rivista &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Zeitschrift für Geopolitik&lt;/i&gt; ed autore di numerose opere di geopolitica, fu assertore dell’unità geopolitica della massa continentale eurasiatica. Demonizzato come ideologo del cosiddetto espansionismo hitleriano, fu invece autenticamente antimperialista. Secondo lo studioso belga Robert Steuckers, “la geopolitica di Haushofer era essenzialmente anti-imperialista, nel senso che essa si opponeva agli intrighi di dominio delle potenze talassocratiche anglosassoni. Queste ultime impedivano l’armonioso sviluppo dei popoli da loro sottomessi e dividevano inutilmente i continenti” Robert Steuckers, &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Karl Haushofer&lt;/i&gt; , in http://utenti.lycos.it/progettoeurasia/documenti.htm. In traduzione italiana è disponibile l’opera di Haushofer &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Il Giappone costruisce il suo impero&lt;/i&gt;, a cura di Carlo Terracciano, Edizioni all’insegna del Veltro, Parma, 1999.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;Giuseppe Tucci&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;(Macerata, 5 giugno 1894 - e San Polo dei Cavalieri (Tivoli), 5 aprile 1984) ritenuto il più grande orientalista italiano del Novecento, e fra i massimi tibetologi a livello internazionale, nel 1930 diviene docente di lingua e letteratura cinese all'Università di Napoli, e nel 1932 insegna religione e filosofia dell'Estremo Oriente all'Ateneo di Roma. Nel 1933 fonda l'Istituto italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente. “L'attenzione rivolta anche agli aspetti politico-economici è documentata, oltre che dalle numerose pubblicazioni dell'Istituto come i periodici &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Bollettino dell'Istituto italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente&lt;/i&gt; (1935) e &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Asiatica&lt;/i&gt; (1936-1943), dallo specifico interesse di&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;Tucci&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;per la geopolitica dell'Asia in un periodo cruciale della sua storia, e dalla sua amicizia personale con Karl Haushofer, che invita a tenere importanti conferenze su questa materia.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;Tucci&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;concentra i suoi viaggi di ricerca nella vasta regione himalayana, quale naturale crocevia storico fra tutte le diverse culture dell'Asia, raccogliendo sistematicamente materiale archeologico, artistico, letterario, di documentazione storica e altro. Risultati eccezionali vengono così ottenuti dalle sue lunghe spedizioni in Tibet fra il 1929 e il 1948, anno in cui l'Is.M.E.O. riprende in pieno la sua attività postbellica sotto la sua diretta presidenza, destinata a durare fino al 1978. Tra il 1950 e il 1955 egli organizza nuove spedizioni in Nepal, seguite dalle campagne archeologiche in Pakistan ('56), in Afghanistan nel ('57) ed in Iran ('59). Sempre nel 1950 avvia il prestigioso periodico in lingua inglese &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;East and West&lt;/i&gt;, e nel 1957 fonda il Museo Nazionale di Arte Orientale di Roma. Tra i suoi numerosi ed importanti scritti ricorderemo solamente, sia i sette volumi di &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Indo-tibetica&lt;/i&gt; (Accademia d'Italia, 1932-1942) che i due di &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Tibetan Painted Scrolls&lt;/i&gt; (Libreria dello Stato, 1949) per la loro ampiezza documentaria, e la &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Storia della filosofia indiana&lt;/i&gt; (Laterza, 1957) per la sua portata innovativa, specie per quanto riguarda la logica indiana. Ma&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;Giuseppe Tucci&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;ci ha soprattutto trasmesso la sua appassionata ed intelligente dimostrazione dell'unità culturale dell'Eurasia, e una lucida consapevolezza del fatto che, giunti come siamo ad un capolinea della storia, essa dovrà tradursi anche in un'effettiva unità geopolitica”. (Alessandro Grossato, &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Giuseppe Tucci&lt;/i&gt; , in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ideazione.com/settimanale/78-20-12-2002/78tucci.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.ideazione.com/settimanale/78-20-12-2002/78tucci.htm&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;[3] L’Istituto per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente venne fondato nel 1933 su iniziativa del tibetologo &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;Giuseppe Tucci&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;e di Giovanni Gentile, che ne assunsero rispettivamente la vicepresidenza e la presidenza, con lo scopo di “promuovere e sviluppare i rapporti culturali fra l'Italia e i paesi dell'Asia Centrale, Meridionale ed Orientale ed altresì di attendere all'esame dei problemi economici interessanti i Paesi medesimi”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16pt; color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Nel 1995 l’Ismeo è stato accorpato all’Istituto Italo Africano (IIA) dando origine all’Istituto Italiano per l’Africa e l’Oriente (IsIAO), che ne ha raccolto l’eredità e gli scopi culturali nonché la prestigiosa biblioteca.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;[4] Confronta Alessandro Grossato, &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Il libro dei simboli. Metamorfosi dell’umano tra Oriente e Occidente&lt;/i&gt; , Mondadori, 1999.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;[5] A. Grossato, &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;op. cit.&lt;/i&gt; , p.10.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;[6] Haushofer venne invitato dall’ISMEO per una seconda conferenza, che si tenne il 6 marzo 1941. Il testo della conferenza “Lo sviluppo dell’ideale imperiale nipponico” è, attualmente, in corso di stampa per le Edizioni all’insegna del Veltro.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;[7] “Il leader degli Eurasiani giapponesi era il principe Konoe, uno dei politici più in vista del Giappone d’anteguerra, primo ministro dal 1937 al 1939 e dal 1940 al 1941; ministro di Stato nel 1939; membro di gabinetto nel 1945 del principe Hikasikuni (gabinetto che firmò la capitolazione e fu, pressoché interamente, arrestato dagli Americani). Konoe era sostenitore della maggiore integrazione possibile con la Cina, dell’unione con la Germania ed era un risoluto avversario della guerra contro l’Unione Sovietica (il patto di non aggressione fu firmato quando egli era primo ministro). Konoe odiava gli Americani e si suicidò nell’autunno del 1945 alla vigilia del suo arresto. Ancora oggi, egli gode di una grande notorietà in Giappone e la sua personalità suscita sempre rispetto”. (da una lettera del nippologo russo Vassili Molodiakov al geopolitico e filosofo Alexander Dughin, pubblicata in &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Elementy&lt;/i&gt;, n.3 -&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.asslimes.com/documenti/mondialismo/giappone.htm&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;http://www.asslimes.com/documenti/mondialismo/giappone.htm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;[8] Kitabatake Chikafusa (1293-1354), nell’opera classica (&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Jinnoshiki&lt;/i&gt;) del pensiero politico giapponese, fissava, in coerenza con la tradizione shintoista, i principi di legittimità della discendenza imperiale.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
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<guid isPermaLink="true">http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/archive/2009/10/26/iraq-afganistan-y-la-doctrina-obama-en-el-tablero-de-ajedrez.html</guid>
<title>Iraq, Afganistan y la doctrina Obama en &quot;el tablero de ajedrez&quot; eurasiatico</title>
<link>http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/archive/2009/10/26/iraq-afganistan-y-la-doctrina-obama-en-el-tablero-de-ajedrez.html</link>
<author>noreply@hautetfort.com (Ratatosk)</author>
<category>Géopolitique</category>
<pubDate>Fri, 30 Oct 2009 00:25:00 +0100</pubDate>
<description>
&lt;h2 class=&quot;title&quot;&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;bookmark&quot; href=&quot;http://labanderanegra.wordpress.com/2009/10/22/iraq-afganistan-y-la-doctrina-obama-en-%e2%80%9cel-tablero-de-ajedrez%e2%80%9d-euroasiatico/&quot; title=&quot;Enlace Permanente a Iraq, Afganistán y la doctrina Obama en “el tablero de ajedrez”&amp;nbsp;euroasiático&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;Iraq, Afganistán y la doctrina Obama en “el tablero de ajedrez”&amp;nbsp;euroasiático&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;entrytext&quot;&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;snap_preview&quot;&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;img width=&quot;194&quot; src=&quot;http://racismandnationalconsciousnessnews.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/iraq-afghanistan.jpg?w=194&amp;amp;h=183&quot; height=&quot;183&quot; style=&quot;float: left; margin: 5px; border: black 5px solid;&quot; /&gt;El teniente coronel Eric Butterbaugh, oficial del Pentágono a cargo de la vocería del Comando Central norteamericano, manifestó que en Iraq, territorio medioriental de 437.072 Km2, permanecen 120 mil soldados estadounidenses, aunque no se enviarán -dijo- los 4 mil previstos que reemplazarían los equivalentes de la Guardia Nacional de EEUU apostados en Bagdad.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ello significa que en el país medioriental hay, por cada 3,6 kms cuadrados de territorio iraquí, un soldado ocupante de la más agresiva potencia mundial, lo cual es una proporción que pone en duda la legitimidad de cualquier proceso electoral, legislativo o presidencial en un país que aspire a ser reconocido como legal, ocupado por tropas extranjeras.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sobre esas condiciones muy reales y precisas, el primer ministro iraquí, Nuri al-Maliki se encuentra realizando una visita a Washington para buscar “apoyo político” del gobierno de Barack Obama y así garantizar -ante las diversas fuerzas políticas iraquíes- las mejores condiciones que permitan avalar el reconocimiento legítimo de las próximas elecciones parlamentarias a celebrarse en el 2010, en un país desvastado por la guerra de agresión, desestructurado por los ocupantes norteamericanos y necesitado de apoyo internacional para su reconstrucción.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;more-6353&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Se recordará que la tal ‘reconstrucción de Iraq’ nunca pasó de declaraciones altisonantes del dúo Bush-Cheney y que derivó -más que en un hecho positivo para los iraquíes- en el enriquecimiento de empresas privadas del grupo económico estadounidense al cual pertenecen los ex-mandatarios de la Casa Blanca, que se introdujo en Iraq para saquearlo con jugosos contratos firmados “a punta de fusil y de mirillas laser”.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;De aquí que ahora el Pentágono haya informado de la cancelación del envío de unos 4 mil soldados estadounidenses y a su vez, haya comunicado que los elementos de su Guardia Nacional estacionados en Bagdad, regresarán a EEUU dentro de cuatro meses, según precisó el alto oficial del Comando Central, en lo que parece ser ‘una lavadita de cara’ de frente a las elecciones parlamentarias iraquíes que proporcionalmente tendrán varios militares norteamericanos por cada urna de votación.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tales declaraciones, tanto del gobernante iraquí Malikí, como del militar estadounidense Butterbaugh, están inscritas en la actual doctrina estratégica de los EEUU, comenzada a denominarse “Doctrina Obama”, la cual en sus delineamientos iniciales previó “la salida militar” paulatina de Iraq y la ampliación de la ocupación del estratégico territorio de Afganistán con las consiguientes acciones sobre los países fronterizos como Irán, Pakistán, la India, Uzbequistán, Turkmenistán, el occidente de China, Turquía, Armenia y el propio Iraq, y controlar un acceso directo a Rusia a través del Mar Caspio, también fronterizo con Afganistan.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Eric Butterbaugh, al iniciarse la ocupación de Irak, ostentaba el cargo de Mayor de la Fuerza Aérea y Vocero del Comando de Defensa Aeroespacial norteamericano en Colorado Springs. Luego de transcurrir seis años de guerra en Irak donde han muerto más de 4 mil militares estadounidenses, el ahora Teniente Coronel Buterbaugh, como Vocero del Comando Central, parece ser que será quien anuncie otro probable desastre estadounidense, ahora en Afganistán, donde ya la cifra de estadounidenses muertos sobrepasa los 400.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sin dudas, consolidar esa posición de alta estima geopolítica, por estar en el centro del ”tablero de ajedrez” euroasiático, es lo que parece ser la obsesión de Barack Obama para enfrentar militarmente en un futuro no previsible, a sus más potentes adversarios: China y Rusia.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;De manera que Irak, podría a pasar a un segundo plano y entonces pasar al primero, no la guerra en Afganistán, sino el incremento de las contradicciones entre EEUU y todos esos países fronterizos con la nación euroasiática, varios de ellos ya incorporados a la potente Organización de Cooperación de Shanghai OCSh, la cual celebrará en estos días una nueva Cumbre.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ernesto Wong Maestre&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Extraído de&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.abn.info.ve/index.php&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ABN&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;authormeta&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;~ por LaBanderaNegra en Octubre 22, 2009.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
</description>
</item>
<item>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/archive/2009/10/22/1.html</guid>
<title>Intervista a Vladimir I. Jakunin</title>
<link>http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/archive/2009/10/22/1.html</link>
<author>noreply@hautetfort.com (Ratatosk)</author>
<category>Géopolitique</category>
<pubDate>Fri, 30 Oct 2009 00:15:00 +0100</pubDate>
<description>
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small; font-family: Verdana;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small; font-family: Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/media/00/00/2072087772.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;mackinder_max.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-width: 0; margin: 0.7em 0;&quot; id=&quot;media-2056293&quot; name=&quot;media-2056293&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot; face=&quot;Verdana&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;INTERVISTA A VLADIMIR I. JAKUNIN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;a cura di Daniele Scalea e Tiberio Graziani -Eurasia / http:://www.italiasociale.org/&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; All'inizio del XX secolo, Halford Mackinder scrisse nel suo celebre saggio The Geographical Pivot of History dell'importanza geostrategica delle ferrovie: egli pensava che le strade ferrate transcontinentali costruite dai Russi in Eurasia controbilanciassero il potere marittimo dei popoli anglosassoni, inaugurando una nuova era nei rapporti tra mare e terra e tra Europa e Asia. Lei pensa che le ferrovie russe abbiano ancora una così grande importanza geostrategica?&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Lo sviluppo delle infrastrutture dei trasporti è sempre stato visto attraverso il prisma del posizionamento strategico del paese. Si valutava il suo significato economico, sociale e militare-difensivo. Nell'epoca della globalizzazione il trasporto ferroviario non ha perso minimamente la propria importanza dal punto di vista dell'economicità, del rispetto dell'ambiente e della rapidità che caratterizzano il trasporto di merci e persone. Inoltre, se è diminuito il suo potenziale ruolo strategico-militare, in virtù della nuova realtà bellica, il suo significato geopolitico, a mio parere, non ha fatto che aumentare. A ciò contribuisce lo sviluppo dei legami politici ed economici tra i paesi, la necessità di rispondere alle esigenze delle economie dei paesi sviluppati nello svolgimento delle operazioni di importazione ed esportazione nell'ambito della cooperazione commerciale estera, la possibilità di garantire l'accesso al mare dei cosiddetti «paesi di mezzo», l'opportunità di sviluppare in senso reciprocamente vantaggioso i corridoi di trasporto internazionali. E anche la possibilità di uno sviluppo non conflittuale delle relazioni economiche e di offrire assistenza alla realizzazione di infrastrutture ferroviarie per lo sviluppo delle economie di altri paesi, conformemente alle aspirazioni geopolitiche di questa o quella nazione. Un brillante esempio del conseguimento non conflittuale di obiettivi geopolitici reciprocamente vantaggiosi può essere fornito dalla cooperazione di molti paesi e compagnie nello sviluppo del corridoio Ovest-Est lungo il percorso della «Transiberiana».&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Vi sono progetti di privatizzazione di RZhD (la compagnia ferroviaria russa). Crede possibile che lo Stato russo si privi d'una quota di maggioranza in un simile settore strategico?&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; L'attuale legislazione russa esclude la privatizzazione delle infrastrutture ferroviarie della Russia. E benché si possa ipotizzare in linea teorica che nel tempo, sussistenti determinate condizioni politiche ed economiche, ciò sia possibile, è altamente probabile che la Russia proseguirà la riforma del trasporto ferroviario assegnando i diversi tipi di attività (per esempio il trasporto merci, il trasporto passeggeri, la costruzione e manutenzione delle infrastrutture, il trasporto di containers, la logistica e via dicendo) a compagnie indipendenti e privatizzando queste compagnie interamente o in parte.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Cos'è cambiato nelle relazioni tra Russia e Unione Europea dopo la guerra russo-georgiana della scorsa estate?&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Questo è un tema a sé stante ed esigerebbe un'approfondita analisi a parte. Mi limiterò a osservare che sulla percezione delle cause e degli effetti del conflitto in Ossezia del Sud, nei paesi dell'Unione Europea e negli Stati Uniti, hanno notevolmente influito tutti i vecchi pregiudizi sulla «pericolosità» della Russia per i «piccoli» paesi europei. A questo ha contribuito non poco la macchina informativo-propagandistica dei mezzi di informazione occidentali. Questo atteggiamento è profondamente mutato solo quando vari giornalisti occidentali, mesi dopo la conclusione della fase più «calda» del conflitto georgiano-ossetino nel quale la Russia era stata trascinata, hanno pubblicato notizie reali sulle azioni condotte dalle autorità e dai militari georgiani in Ossezia, notizie che hanno sconvolto l'opinione pubblica occidentale.&lt;br /&gt; Per quanto concerne le relazioni politiche tra la Russia e gli Stati Uniti, il palese coinvolgimento della precedente amministrazione al fianco del regime di Saakasvili non ha fatto che accrescere la sfiducia.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Nell'ultimo decennio l'economia russa ha pienamente recuperato dai diffìcili momenti degli anni '90. Nella seconda parte dell'estate 2008, tuttavia, il prezzo del petrolio è crollato ed i mercati azionar! russi hanno sofferto gravi perdite. Le prospettive di recupero economico della Russia sono ancora buone?&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Oggi la crisi finanziaria si è trasformata in una crisi economica globale ed è opportuno interrogarsi sulle sue cause e sulle sue conseguenze. Senza entrare nel dettaglio, è possibile concludere che la sua sistematicità è il risultato della realizzazione acritica e dogmatica dei punti essenziali della teoria economica neo-liberista, cioè quelli riguardanti la completa eliminazione dello Stato dalla sfera della gestione dello sviluppo economico. Le azioni più recenti, condotte praticamente da tutti gli Stati sviluppati del mondo, dimostrano palesemente il fallimento di questa teoria. Per quanto concerne le prospettive economiche della Russia, esse subiscono l'influsso di una serie di fattori negativi e d'altri positivi. Tra i fattori negativi possiamo elencare il noto orientamento all'esportazione dell'economia, l'incompiutezza della riforma istituzionale, l'insufficiente sviluppo del mercato, l'assenza di un ampio strato di piccole e medie imprese, la lacunosità del sistema bancario e l'assenza, per esempio, di leggi che sanciscano l'obbligo della partecipazione di organizzazioni sociali e professionali e della comunità di esperti alla formulazione delle decisioni governative. Tra gli aspetti positivi, che ci permettono di guardare con ottimismo alle prospettive economiche del paese, includiamo naturalmente la riforma istituzionale attualmente in corso, l'unione del mondo degli affari e delle élites politiche attorno alla dirigenza dello Stato, una base di risorse tra le più ricche e richieste del mondo, risorse umane sufficienti e ben formate (non ostante le conseguenze demografiche degli anni Novanta), l'importante integrazione della Russia nel sistema economico e finanziario mondiale e, infine, riserve finanziarie molto sostanziose accumulate negli anni passati. Attualmente molto — se non tutto -dipenderà dall'efficacia e dalla tempestività dei provvedimenti anticrisi del governo e del mondo imprenditoriale della Russia.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Ritiene che l'attuale crisi economica e finanziaria possa contribuire a cambiare la struttura geopolitica e le gerarchie internazionali, in particolare favorendo l'emergere d'un nuovo ordine mondiale multipolare?&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; In effetti il mondo multipolare è emerso già molto prima della fase «calda» della crisi finanziaria, come è stato riconosciuto da esperti ben noti negli ambienti politici e scientifici come il professor F. Fukuyama, Z. Brzezinski, H. Kissinger, l'accademico E. Primakov; dai capi di Stato europei e sudamericani, dell'India, della Cina, della Russia; da organizzazioni della società civile e non-governative come il Forum Pubblico Mondiale «Dialogo di civiltà», dalle Nazioni Unite, dall'UNESCO e molte altre istituzioni. Mi sembra, in pratica, che si possa parlare di un mondo variegato con elementi di pluralità, come riconosciuto dagli autori citati. Di per sé la crisi molto probabilmente produrrà un inasprimento delle contrapposizioni già esistenti tra i vettori di sviluppo del sistema mondiale: unipolarismo contro multipolarismo. Non sarà facile prevederne l'esito. Tuttavia è molto probabile che il ritorno a un mondo unipolare non sarà meno difficoltoso della costruzione di un mondo più giusto.&lt;br /&gt; È ora più o meno ovvio quanto segue: in primo luogo, l'uscita dalla crisi avverrà in un lasso di tempo piuttosto lungo; in secondo luogo, durante quella fase, segnata dalla necessità di ricorrere a provvedimenti cruciali per uscire dalla crisi, avverrà una ricostruzione dell'ordine mondiale, ormai obsoleto, con una ridistribuzione piuttosto radicale dei beni su scala globale; infine, è ormai generalmente riconosciuto che l'attuale struttura del sistema economico-finanziario abbia esaurito le proprie risorse tecnologiche per ciò che riguarda il rinnovamento e l'evoluzione dell'uomo nella sua attività di valorizzazione e sviluppo del mondo. Ed è proprio adesso che sono necessari radicali cambiamenti sociali e civili a livello globale (anche nell'interesse dei promotori di tali cambiamenti).&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; In che modo un nuovo sistema multipolare potrebbe contribuire a favorire il dialogo tra le civiltà?&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Con lo sviluppo, su basi scientifiche, di un sistema d'opinioni che riconosca come sia il dialogo tra le civiltà, e non lo scontro, lo strumento per prevenire conflitti a livello geopolitico, culturale, religioso o geoeconomico. Col rafforzamento del ruolo svolto dalla società civile dei diversi paesi nella formulazione delle ambizioni strategiche delle élites di governo, e coli'influenza della collettività su queste élites non solo attraverso i modi d'espressione della cosiddetta «volontà popolare» già collaudati e in una certa misura orientati da queste élites, ma anche attraverso i metodi del dialogo diretto tra civiltà condotto dai rappresentanti delle diverse civiltà. Questi rappresentanti non sono le organizzazioni e le autorità internazionali, che non conducono un dialogo bensì negoziati, ma gli individui o le organizzazioni non-governative.&lt;br /&gt; Nell'ambito del Forum Pubblico Mondiale «Dialogo di Civiltà», un lavoro efficace e mirato per controllare la realizzazione dei diversi piani di questa trasformazione può essere organizzato come segue:&lt;br /&gt; 1) la creazione da parte di un gruppo di esperti e analisti di un Thesaurus (struttura di subordinazione) dei postulati, delle convinzioni e dei valori politici, etico-morali, economico-sociali e via dicendo, più comunemente impiegati nelle discussioni sulla crisi globale;&lt;br /&gt; 2) lo svolgimento di diverse iniziative da parte del Forum Pubblico Mondiale «Dialogo di civiltà» per armonizzare i risultati analitici ottenuti con gli attori influenti e con le parti interessate alla trasformazione;&lt;br /&gt; 3) l'organizzazione di una campagna di informazione su vasta scala, impiegando i mezzi di informazione interattivi e altre strutture, per l'efficace e rapida introduzione di rappresentazioni coerenti, componente necessaria nel contesto della comunicazione globale sui temi attuali dell'agenda globale;&lt;br /&gt; 4) lo svolgimento di un regolare monitoraggio delle reazioni a tale informazione, al fine di valutare la risposta del pubblico alle proposte formulate;&lt;br /&gt; 5) in base ai risultati dell'analisi ed alla sintesi di queste reazioni, la pianificazione e realizzazione di dialoghi regionali, specialistici, di ricerca ecc. (impiegando i metodi già sperimentati dalle iniziative del Forum Pubblico Mondiale) al fine di ratificare le decisioni concordate e selezionate in maniera mirata.&lt;br /&gt; La necessità di tali iniziative nell'ambito del Forum Pubblico Mondiale «Dialogo di civiltà» e di strutture simili è giustificata dal fatto che le attuali ricette scientifiche e politiche per uscire dalla crisi circolano in ristrette comunità altamente specializzate, non hanno alcun fondamento legittimo e si impongono alla più ampia pratica internazionale, come accade per esempio con le idee del neo-liberismo, attraverso metodi, politici e d'altro tipo, di natura coercitiva.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; In qualità di presidente e cofondatore del Forum Pubblico Mondiale «Dialogo di Civiltà» potrebbe farci un resoconto delle sue attività a partire dal 2002?&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Riteniamo che negli ultimi sei anni i partecipanti al Forum Pubblico Mondiale «Dialogo di civiltà» siano riusciti a creare una piattaforma pubblica, unica nel suo genere, di interazione tra le civiltà per l'analisi e la descrizione dei caratteri fondamentali della nostra epoca, nonché adeguati strumenti di dialogo tra le civiltà nel contesto delle più importanti sfide del nostro tempo: la globalizzazione, il dialogo tra le culture e le religioni, l'influenza delle tendenze economiche mondiali sui rapporti tra le civiltà, l'inammissibilità dell'imposizione forzata dei propri valori a un'altra civiltà, la creazione di un mondo unipolare e molti altri problemi. La «Prima Dichiarazione di Rodi» e le sue conclusioni non solo sono ampiamente note, ma sono anche alla base di una serie di accordi internazionali sulla cooperazione tra Stati. La Conferenza del Forum Pubblico Mondiale «Dialogo di civiltà» si svolge già da sei anni con cadenza annuale nell'isola di Rodi, ed è oggetto di grande attenzione. Nel 2008 vi hanno partecipato circa 500 rappresentanti di più di 64 paesi. Prosegue con successo il programma di sviluppo della comunità in rete di «Dialogo di civiltà», e molto altro. In generale mi sembra che questa attività meriti una valutazione positiva. Ritengo che sia giunto il momento di passare dalla constatazione di un interesse per il dialogo all'esercizio di un'influenza controllata sui processi sociali, impiegando a tal fine tutte le risorse delle organizzazioni non-governative internazionali, degli amici rappresentanti delle comunità di esperti, mezzi di informazione e confessioni religiose. Naturalmente qui dobbiamo impegnarci ulteriormente per strutturare questo interesse con l'obiettivo di trasformarlo in uno strumento di influenza pubblica sullo sviluppo mondiale.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; A suo parere quali sono i comuni settori d'interesse che andrebbero rafforzati e sviluppati tra Russia e Unione Europea?&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Innanzi tutto, agli interessi strategici della Russia e dell'Unione Europea risponde una tendenza all'approfondimento dell'integrazione nella sfera umanistica e in quella economica, in particolare nel settore del trasporto ferroviario in quanto area di reciproco interesse del tutto priva di conflitti: infatti, una tale cooperazione può avere esito positivo solo se le compagnie dei trasporti condividono gli stessi obiettivi.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Considerando la posizione strategica dell'Italia nel mezzo del Mar Mediterraneo e, soprattutto, la sua «alleanza» asimmetrica con gli USA nel contesto della NATO, crede che Washington permetterà a Roma di sviluppare relazioni politiche e militari con Mosca?&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Mi sembra che la domanda sia posta in modo scorretto, laddove si chiede se «Washington possa permettere qualcosa all'Italia». Pur nella chiara alleanza strategica con la NATO e con gli Stati Uniti, nell'emergente condizione di multipolarismo l'Italia è libera di determinare da sola il sistema dei propri interessi geopolitici, e ha ripetutamente dimostrato la propria sostanziale posizione di indipendenza in tutta una serie di eventi controversi verificatisi in tempi recenti. Pertanto ritengo che, finché al mondo esisteranno i confini degli Stati nazionali, continueranno a esistere anche i cosiddetti «interessi nazionali» e le aspirazioni geopolitiche dei governi, e questo influenzerà lo sviluppo di una cooperazione internazionale, e difficilmente esisterà un paese in grado di affermare di essere assolutamente libero da questa influenza.&lt;br /&gt; Roma è la capitale dell'Italia ma anche il centro della Cristianità cattolica. Durante gli ultimi anni, malgrado la promozione d'un dialogo ecumenico ed inter-ecclesiastico con la Cristianità russo-ortodossa, il Vaticano ha esteso le proprie attività in Russia ed in alcuni paesi ex sovietici (ad esempio in Kazakistan). Tra queste attività, possiamo menzionare la creazione di nuove diocesi cattoliche senza neppure interpellare le Chiese ortodosse. Tenendo conto che, nel corso di tali iniziative, il Vaticano ha spesso chiesto a Mosca un maggiore rispetto dei diritti umani-al pari d'alcune ONG o apparati politici occidentali — crede vi siano legami tra le strategie di Washington e quelle del Vaticano?&lt;br /&gt; Ogni chiesa, anche all'interno degli Stati laici, resta parte della società e, quando tocca la sfera della morale e tanto più delle relazioni pubbliche o internazionali, spesso riflette gli atteggiamenti socio-politici dominanti. A mio parere ciò vale effettivamente per alcuni aspetti dell'attività del Vaticano. Dato che il cattolicesimo è ampiamente diffuso nel mondo occidentale, è possibile che nelle sue posizioni sui principali temi risenta dell'influenza ideologica degli Stati Uniti che sono la guida riconosciuta di quel mondo. È possibile che questo sia anche una conseguenza dell'attività economica dello Stato del Vaticano e della sua dipendenza dall'economia statunitense. Il Concilio Vaticano II ha affermato che le altre religioni possono essere condotte attraverso il dialogo sulle posizioni della mentalità europea, in quanto identità più evoluta. Per questo il Concilio ha ampliato la sfera del dialogo, ha riconosciuto la possibilità del dialogo con le altre religioni e le altre civiltà: allo scopo di assimilarle gradualmente. La storia del cattolicesimo dimostra in maniera convincente cosa sia questa linea di dialogo. Le chiese del mondo e le principali confessioni devono, riteniamo, contribuire a instaurare un dialogo efficace tra i popoli. Il problema di un ampio dialogo pubblico è che le principali forze sociali e i partecipanti alla collaborazione internazionale tendono spesso a difendere le proprie posizioni, a persuadere gli altri della loro giustezza, a ricevere conferma delle proprie convinzioni. La religione, al contrario, ha sempre invitato ad affermare il punto di vista della verità universale, ad abbandonare l'insieme delle convinzioni inevitabilmente contingenti e a porsi sul cammino del rinnovamento, del miglioramento di sé. La mentalità individualista agli occhi della coscienza religiosa coincide sempre con il peccato e l'errore. Indubbiamente gli sforzi delle Chiese e delle confessioni permettono di innalzare il livello e la cultura del dialogo tra le organizzazioni pubbliche e le strutture internazionali. È necessario che il dialogo sociale non si concentri solo sui problemi immediati, benché comunque importanti, della politica e della vita sociale. In questo caso il nostro dialogo verrà ripreso e sviluppato, estendendosi a nuovi problemi o aspetti della soluzione di vecchi problemi, cui la coscienza collettiva contemporanea non è in grado di arrivare. Ci sembra che nel miglioramento del dialogo collettivo la Chiesa e le confessioni siano chiamati a fornire una nuova forma di servizio all'uomo e a conseguire una propria sfera pratica di realizzazione della verità e della forza delle proprie rivelazioni. Riteniamo che le profonde tradizioni e potenzialità delle organizzazioni religiose e dei contatti interconfessionali apporteranno un inestimabile contributo al dialogo tra le civiltà. E speriamo che la Chiesa e le confessioni assumano un ruolo attivo nelle nostre iniziative future.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; (traduzione dall'originale russo di Manuela Vittorelli)&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; * Vladimir Ivanovic Jakunin è presidente del Forum Pubblico Mondiale «Dialogo di Civiltà» e della Rossijskie Zheleznye Dorogi, la compagnia ferroviaria dello Stato russo. Tra il 1985 ed il 1991 ha fatto parte della missione diplomatica sovietica presso le Nazioni Unite (gli ultimi tre anni come primo segretario). Dal 2000 al 2003 è stato vice-ministro dei trasporti della Federazione Russa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;!--webbot bot=&quot;Timestamp&quot; S-Type=&quot;EDITED&quot; S-Format=&quot;%d/%m/%Y&quot; startspan --&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;18/05/2009&lt;!--webbot bot=&quot;Timestamp&quot; endspan i-checksum=&quot;12591&quot; --&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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<guid isPermaLink="true">http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/archive/2009/10/22/1.html</guid>
<title>Eduardo Galeano: Basi militari dell'EE.UU in Colombia</title>
<link>http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/archive/2009/10/22/1.html</link>
<author>noreply@hautetfort.com (Ratatosk)</author>
<category>Géopolitique</category>
<pubDate>Tue, 27 Oct 2009 00:20:00 +0100</pubDate>
<description>
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/media/02/01/1751622575.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;eduardo-galeano.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-width: 0; float: right; margin: 0.2em 0 1.4em 0.7em;&quot; id=&quot;media-2056288&quot; name=&quot;media-2056288&quot; /&gt;Intervista al giornalista e scrittore uruguayano&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: left;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;EDUARDO GALEANO :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: left;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;“LE BASI MILITARI DELL’EE.UU. IN COLOMBIA OFFENDONO LA DIGNITA’ COLLETTIVA DELL’AMERICA LATINA”.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Di Fernando Arellano Ortiz&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: left;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Traduzione di Erika Steiner –italiasociale.org&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Nell’Avenita Amazonas, a Quito, a pochi passi dall’hotel dove alloggiamo, incontriamo come una qualsiasi viandante nella notte del 9 agosto Eduardo Galeano, che è arrivato nella capitale ecuadoregna per assistere come invitato speciale all’insediamento del presidente Rafael Correa, cerimonia prevista per il 10 agosto.&lt;br /&gt; Lo abbiamo fermato, ci siamo presentati e gli abbiamo chiesto di rilasciarci un’intervista, cosa che ha accettato con piacere.&lt;br /&gt; “Adesso non si può fare, ma vediamoci domani dopo la cerimonia di insediamento di Correa” ci dice l’autore di “Las venas abiertas de América Latina” (Le vene aperte dell’America Latina) e di “Espejos” (Specchi).&lt;br /&gt; Come sempre, Galeano risponde con ironia a con umorismo, per questo le sue osservazioni vanno oltre la banalità. Come esperto latino americanista lo scrittore uruguaiano intervistato da CRONICON.NET fa una particolare analisi della realtà sociopolitica del nostro emisfero.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; PORTE APERTE ALLA SPERANZA&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; - Dopo 200 anni dall’emancipazione dell’America Latina, si può parlare di una riconfigurazione del soggetto politico di questa regione, tenendo conto dei cambiamenti politici che si traducono in governi progressisti e di sinistra nei vari paesi latinoamericani?&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; - Sì, lasciamo le porte aperte alla speranza; vediamo una forma di rinascimento che è degna di essere festeggiata in paesi che non hanno ancora raggiunto la piena indipendenza, ma che hanno appena cominciato il loro cammino. L’indipendenza è un compito che non è ancora completato per quasi tutta l’America Latina.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; - Con tutto la rinascita del sociale che si sta sviluppando in tutto il mondo, si può dire che c’è un’accentuazione dell’identità culturale dell’America Latina?&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; - Sì, credo di sì. E questo passa senza dubbio dalle riforme costituzionali. Offese la mia intelligenza, a parte altre cose che sentii, l’orrore del colpo di stato in Honduras, che si disse causato dal peccato commesso dal Presidente che volle consultare il popolo sulla possibilità di riformare la Costituzione, perché quello che voleva in realtà Zelaya era consultare il popolo sul modo di essere consultato, per lo meno era una riforma diretta. Supponendo anche che fosse una riforma costituzionale, che fosse la benvenuta! Le Costituzioni non sono eterne e perché si possano realizzare pienamente gli Stati le devono riformare. Io mi domando: “Che ne sarebbe degli Stati Uniti se i suoi abitanti continuassero osservano la loro prima Costituzione? La prima Costituzione degli Stati Uniti stabiliva che un negro corrispondeva a 3/5 di una persona. Obama non potrebbe essere Presidente perché nessun paese può dare un mandato a tre quinti di una persona.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; - Lei parla della condizione razziale del presidente Barack Obama, però il fatto di mantenere o di ampliare le basi militari in America Latina, come sta succedendo in Colombia con l’installazione di sette piattaforme di controllo e di spionaggio, non evidenzia le vere intenzioni di questo mandatario del partito democratico, che semplicemente segue alla lettera i piani di espansione e di minaccia di una potenza egemonica come gli Stati Uniti?&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; - Il fatto è che Obama finora non ha chiarito bene quello che intende fare né in rapporto all’America Latina, le relazioni con noi, tradizionalmente problematiche, e nemmeno in altri temi. In alcuni settori c’è una volontà di cambio espressamente dichiarata, ad esempio per quel che riguarda il sistema sanitario è scandaloso che se tu ti rompi una gamba devi pagare fino alla fine dei tuoi giorni i debiti contratti per curarti per questo incidente.&lt;br /&gt; Però in altri settori no, Obama continua a parlare della nostra “leadership”, del nostro “stile di vita”, con un linguaggio che assomiglia troppo a quello dei suoi predecessori. A me sembra molto positivo che un paese così razzista come quello, e con episodi di razzismo colossali, scandalosi e fuori dal comune che capitano ogni quarto d’ora abbia un presidente semi-nero.&lt;br /&gt; Nel 1942, cioè mezzo secolo fa, praticamente ieri, il Pentagono proibì le trasfusioni di sangue di cittadini neri e il direttore della Croce Rossa si dimise, o lo fecero dimettere, perché non accettò questo ordine dicendo che tutto il sangue era rosso, e che era una stupidaggine parlare di sangue nero, ed egli era nero, ed era un grande scienziato, fu colui che rese possibili le trasfusioni di plasma su scala universale, Charles Drew.&lt;br /&gt; Quindi per un paese che fece la stupidaggine di proibire il sangue nero avere Obama per presidente è un gran miglioramento. Però, d’altra parte, finora io non vedo un cambiamento sostanziale, basta vedere come il governo ha affrontato la crisi finanziaria, ah, non vorrei essere nei loro panni, però la verità è che alla fine furono ricompensati gli speculatori, i pirati di Wall Street che sono molto più pericolosi di quelli della Somalia, perché questi assaltano solo delle barchette lungo la costa, al contrario quelli della Borsa di New York assaltano il mondo.&lt;br /&gt; E alla fine furono ricompensati; io volevo dar vita ad una campagna in loro favore, inizialmente commosso dalla crisi dei banchieri, con lo slogan “adotta un banchiere”, però ho abbandonato il mio proposito perché ho visto che lo Stato si è fatto carico di questa incombenza. (Risate). E lo stesso avviene con l’America Latina, non hanno ben chiaro quello che vogliono fare. Gli Stati Uniti hanno passato più di un secolo confezionando dittature militari in America Latina, e nel momento di difendere una democrazia, come l’Honduras, di fronte ad un evidente colpo di Stato, vacillano, danno risposte ambigue, non sanno cosa fare, perché non hanno pratica, mancano di esperienza, da un secolo lavorano in modo opposto, quindi capisco che il loro compito non sia facile.&lt;br /&gt; Il caso delle basi militari in Colombia non solo offende la dignità collettiva dell’America Latina, ma anche l’intelligenza di ognuno, perché si dice che la loro funzione è quella di combattere la droga, ma per favore..! Così tutta l’eroina che si consuma nel mondo viene dall’Afganistan, anzi, quasi tutta, dati ufficiali delle Nazioni Unite che si possono facilmente trovare su internet. E l’Afganistan è un paese occupato dagli Stati Uniti, e come si sa i paesi occupanti hanno la responsabilità di quello che succede nei paesi occupati, quindi gli Stati Uniti hanno qualcosa a che fare con questo narcotraffico su scala universale e sono degni eredi della regina Vittoria che era una narcotrafficante.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;img src=&quot;http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/media/02/02/514745782.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;eduardo-galeano-las-venas-abiertas-de-latinoamerica-copia3.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-width: 0; float: left; margin: 0.2em 1.4em 0.7em 0;&quot; id=&quot;media-2056290&quot; name=&quot;media-2056290&quot; /&gt;NON SI PUO’ ESSERE COSI’ IPOCRITI&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; - La regina britannica che nel secolo XIX introdusse con tutti i mezzi l’oppio in Cina attraverso commercianti inglesi e americani….&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; - Sì, la celeberrima regina Vittoria di Inghilterra impose l’oppio in Cina durante la guerra dei trent’anni, uccidendo una quantità immensa di cinesi perché l’impero cinese non voleva accettare questa sostanza proibita all’interno delle sue frontiere. E l’oppio è il padre dell’eroina e della morfina, per l’appunto. E questo alla Cina costò caro, perché la Cina era una grande potenza che avrebbe potuto competere con l’Inghilterra sia nei commerci che nella rivoluzione industriale, era l’officina del mondo, e la guerra dell’oppio li rovinò, tolse loro il nerbo, e da lì entrarono i giapponesi, in casa loro, in quindici minuti. Vittoria era una regina narcotrafficante e gli Stati Uniti, che usano la droga come pretesto per giustificare le loro invasioni militari, perché di questo si tratta, sono degni eredi di questa brutta tradizione. A me sembra che sia ora che ci svegliamo un po’, non si può essere così ipocriti. Se devono essere ipocriti che almeno lo facciano con un po’ di attenzione.&lt;br /&gt; In America Latina abbiamo buoni professori di ipocrisia, se vogliono possiamo organizzare un accordo di aiuto reciproco e scambiarci gli ipocriti.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; - Esattamente nove anni fa, in un’intervista concessaci a Bogotà, lei disse la seguente frase: “Dio salvi la Colombia dal Plan Colombia”. Qual è oggi la sua riflessione rispetto a questo paese andino gestito da un governo autoritario, legato agli interessi degli Stati Uniti, con un’allarmante situazione di violazioni dei diritti umani e con un conflitto interno che si ingrandisce sempre più?&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; - Permangono problemi gravissimi che il tempo ha reso più acuti. Io non so, non sono qui per dare consigli alla Colombia o ai colombiani, sono sempre stato contrario a questo modo di chi si sente in condizione di decidere su cosa un paese debba fare.&lt;br /&gt; Non ho mai commesso questo imperdonabile peccato e non voglio commetterlo adesso nei confronti della Colombia, voglio solo auspicare che i colombiani trovino il loro cammino, sì, che lo trovino, nessuno può imporlo loro da fuori, né a destra né a sinistra, né al centro, né da nessuna parte, saranno i colombiani che dovranno trovarlo. Quello che posso fare io è dare testimonianza. Se mai ci sarà un tribunale che giudicherà la Colombia per quello che della Colombia si dice: paese violento, narcotrafficante, condannato alla violenza perpetua, testimonierò che no, che non è così, è un paese amabile, allegro e che merita un destino migliore.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; RIVENDICANDO LA MEMORIA DI RAUL SENDIC&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; - Molti anni fa, forse quaranta, c’era un personaggio in Montevideo che si incontrava con un giovane chiamato Eduardo Hughes Galeano, con il proposito di dargli delle idee per le sue caricature, questo personaggio era Raul Sendic, l’ispiratore del Frente Amplio dell’Uruguay…&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; - e capo guerriero dei Tupamaros, anche se a quel tempo non lo era ancora. E’ vero, quando ero un ragazzino di circa 14 anni e cominciavo a disegnare caricature, lui si sedeva vicino a me e mi dava delle idee...era un uomo più grande di me, con una certa esperienza, e non era ancora ciò che diventò dopo: il fondatore, l’organizzatore e il capo dei Tupamaros.&lt;br /&gt; Ricordo che disse di me al sig. Emilio Frugoni, che era il capo del Partito Socialista e direttore del settimanale dove io pubblicavo qualche caricatura: “Questo diventerà o un presidente o un gran delinquente”. E’ stata una buona profezia e alla fine sono diventato un gran delinquente. (Risate).&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; - Il fatto che oggi il Frente Amplio stia governando l’Uruguay e che un guerrigliero come Pepe Mujica abbia la possibilità di vincere le elezioni presidenziali è un omaggio alla memoria di Sendic?&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; - Sì, e di tutti quelli che parteciparono alla grande lotta per rompere il monopolio a due, il bi-polio, esercitato dal Partido Colorado e dal Partido Nacional per quasi tutta la vita indipendente del paese. Il Frente Amplio è arrivato da poco nello scenario politico nazionale e mi sembra un successo che adesso stia governando, anche se non sono sempre d’accordo con quello che fa e credo anche che non faccia tutto quello che bisognerebbe fare.&lt;br /&gt; Però questo non c’entra perché alla fine la vittoria del Frente Amplio è anche la vittoria della diversità politica e io credo che questo significhi democrazia. Nel Frente coesistono molti partiti e movimenti diversi, uniti per l’appunto in una causa comune ma con le loro diversità e differenze, che io rivendico, per me questo è fondamentale.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; - Cosa significa per lei come uruguaiano il fatto che un dirigente emblematico della sinistra come Pepe Mujica, ex guerrigliero tupamaro, abbia forti possibilità di arrivare alla Presidenza delle Repubblica del suo paese?&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; - Non sarà semplice, vedremo cosa succederà, giustamente la gente si riconosce in Pepe Mujica perché è completamente diverso dai politici tradizionali, nel linguaggio, nell’aspetto e in generale in tutto, anche se cerca di vestirsi come un uomo elegante non gli riesce bene ed è l’espressione di una volontà popolare di cambiamento. Credo che sarebbe una buona cosa se arrivasse alla Presidenza, vediamo se succede o no, in ogni caso il dramma dell’Uruguay, come quello dell’Ecuador, sicuramente, paese dove stiamo conversando in questo momento, è l’emorragia della sua popolazione giovane.&lt;br /&gt; Ossia, la nostra patria pellegrina; nel suo discorso di insediamento il presidente Rafael Correa parlò di esiliati della povertà e la verità è che c’è un’enorme quantità di uruguaiani emigrati, molti più di quello che si dice perché le cifre non sono ufficiali, almeno 700 mila, 800 mila, in una popolazione piccolissima perché noi nell’Uruguay siamo 3 milioni e mezzo, questa quantità di gente fuori, tutti o quasi giovani, che hanno lasciato qui i vecchi o le persone che ormai hanno concluso la tappa della vita nella quale uno vuole che tutto cambi per poi rassegnarsi che non cambia niente o molto poco.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; TESSERE COLORATE PER COMPORRE MOSAICI&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; - Partendo dai suoi libri di successo, “Las venas abiertas de América Latina pubblicato nel 1970, y Espejos, nel 2008, che raccontano storie di infamia, il primo nel nostro continente, l’altro nel mondo, c’è ancora spazio per continuare a credere nell’utopia?&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; - Espejos recupera la storia universale in tutte le sue dimensioni, nei suoi orrori ma anche nelle sue feste, è molto diverso da “Las venas abiertas de América Latina” che fu l’inizio del cammino. Las venas abiertas è quasi un saggio di economia politica, scritto in un linguaggio non molto tradizionale, per questo non ha vinto il concorso Casa de las Americas, perché la giuria non l’ha considerato serio.&lt;br /&gt; Era un’epoca nella quale la sinistra pensava che il serio era quello che era noioso, e siccome il mio libro non era noioso non era serio, però è un libro con un concentrato di storia di politica economica e dei danni che questa storia ci portò, di come ci deformò e strangolò.&lt;br /&gt; Al contrario Espejos tenta di affacciarsi al mondo intero raccogliendo tutto, le notti e i giorni, le luci e le ombre, tutte storie piuttosto corte, e c’è anche una differenza di stile, Las venas abiertas ha una struttura tradizionale, e partendo da qui io vorrei trovare un mio linguaggio, che è quello del racconto corto, tessere colorate per comporre grandi mosaici, e ogni racconto è una tesserina piena di colore, e uno degli ultimi racconti di Espejos evoca un vero ricordo della mia infanzia, io, da piccolo, credevo che tutto quello che si perdeva sulla terra andasse a finire sulla luna, ero convinto di questo e rimasi sorpreso quando arrivarono gli astronauti sulla luna perché non trovarono né promesse tradite, né illusioni perdute, né speranze vane, e allora mi domandai: “se non sono sulla luna dove sono? Non sarà che sono qui sulla terra e ci stanno aspettando?”.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Di Eduardo Gaelano ricordiamo: “Le vene aperte dell’America Latina” Ed. Sperling e Kupfer-&lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--webbot bot=&quot;Timestamp&quot; S-Type=&quot;EDITED&quot; S-Format=&quot;%d/%m/%Y&quot; startspan --&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;02/10/2009&lt;!--webbot bot=&quot;Timestamp&quot; endspan i-checksum=&quot;12506&quot; --&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
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<item>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/archive/2009/10/13/1.html</guid>
<title>The Anglo-US Drive into Eurasia and the Demonization of Russia</title>
<link>http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/archive/2009/10/13/1.html</link>
<author>noreply@hautetfort.com (Ratatosk)</author>
<category>Géopolitique</category>
<pubDate>Mon, 19 Oct 2009 00:15:00 +0200</pubDate>
<description>
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; cellpadding=&quot;4&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; id=&quot;ViewArticleTable&quot;&gt; &lt;tbody&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td align=&quot;left&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;articleTitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/media/00/01/43769736.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;264515072_small2.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-width: 0; float: left; margin: 0.2em 1.4em 0.7em 0;&quot; id=&quot;media-2038803&quot; name=&quot;media-2038803&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;The Anglo-US Drive into Eurasia and the Demonization of Russia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;articleSubTitle&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;articleSubTitle&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;articleSubTitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Reframing the History of World War II&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;articleAuthorName&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;articleAuthorName&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;articleAuthorName&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;articleAuthorName&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;articleAuthorName&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;By Mahdi Darius Nazemroaya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;bigArticleText12&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.globalresearch.ca/&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Global Research&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;, October 2, 2009&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;margin-right: 10px;&quot; class=&quot;bigArticleText12&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;As tensions mount between the U.S. and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) on one side and Moscow and its allies on another,&amp;nbsp;the history of the Second World War is being re-framed to demonize Russia, the legal successor state and largest former constituent republic (&lt;em&gt;pars pro toto&lt;/em&gt;) of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.). In 2009, the U.S.S.R. and the Nazi government of Germany&amp;nbsp;started being portrayed as&amp;nbsp;the two forces that&amp;nbsp;ignited the Second World War.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; The historicity behind such a narrative is incorrect and nothing can be further from the truth in regards to Moscow. The security of the European core of&amp;nbsp;the&amp;nbsp;Soviet Union was the main objective of the Kremlin as well as the recovery of lost territory. The Soviet government was also aware of war plans against the Soviet Union. Adolph Hitler thought Britain would join Germany in war against the Soviets, even until the latter part of the Second World War.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; This discourse in itself is part of a broader roadmap to control Eurasia through the encirclement of any rival powers, such as Russia and China. To understand the geo-politics and strategic nature of the encirclement of Russia and China&amp;nbsp;by the U.S. and NATO, as well as the Eurasian alliance being formed by Moscow and Beijing as a counter-measure, one must look at the historic Anglo-American drive&amp;nbsp;to&amp;nbsp;cripple and contain any power in Eurasia.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Geography is the basis of the social evolution of &lt;em&gt;traditional power&lt;/em&gt;, whether in feudal societies or in industrial societies. For example the property ownership of the landed class,&amp;nbsp;which originally was the nobility,&amp;nbsp;gave rise to the factory system. The rise of financial power is somewhat different, but&amp;nbsp;yet it is also&amp;nbsp;tied to geography.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; The United States, India and Brazil are all “&lt;em&gt;natural great powers&lt;/em&gt;”&amp;nbsp;—&amp;nbsp;a term coined herein&lt;em&gt;.&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;Natural great powers are states that are bound, with time,&amp;nbsp;to develop or evolve&amp;nbsp;into major&amp;nbsp;hubs of&amp;nbsp;human production because of their geographic configuration or nature’s blessings. In the Eurasian landmass, above all&amp;nbsp;others, there are three states that we can call &lt;em&gt;natural great powers;&lt;/em&gt; these states&amp;nbsp;are Russia, China, and India. They have large territories and&amp;nbsp;vast resources and, due to&amp;nbsp;the two former factors, possess great human capacity&amp;nbsp;that can lead to&amp;nbsp;major productivity.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Without human capacity, however, geography and resources are meaningless, and therefore any impairment of population growth or social development through war, civil strife, famine, political instability&amp;nbsp;and/or economic instability can obstruct the emergence of a &lt;em&gt;natural great power&lt;/em&gt;.&amp;nbsp;This is exactly what has been happening in the Russian Federation and its earlier predecessors, the U.S.S.R. and the Russian Empire, for the last two hundred years -&amp;nbsp;from the numerous&amp;nbsp;episodes of civil war, the First World War,&amp;nbsp;and the Second World War, to the Yeltsin era and&amp;nbsp;the problems in Caucasia.&amp;nbsp;This is also why the declining population of Russia is a major worry for the Kremlin. If left undisturbed, such nation-states like China and Russia,&amp;nbsp;would dominate the global economy and, by extension, international politics.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; This is exactly what Anglo-American foreign policy has been trying to prevent for almost three centuries, first strictly under British clout and then later through combined British and American cooperation. In Europe, the containment policy was first applied&amp;nbsp;to France for centuries&amp;nbsp;and later, after German unification under Prince Otto von Bismarck,&amp;nbsp;to Germany.&amp;nbsp;Later the policy was&amp;nbsp;expanded in scope to all Eurasia (the proper&amp;nbsp;geographic extension of Europe or the “Continent”, as the British called it).&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Part of this policy&amp;nbsp;included&amp;nbsp;the prevention of&amp;nbsp;Russian access to the shores of the Mediterranean Sea or the Persian Gulf, which would threaten British trade and eventually maritime supremacy. This is one of the main reasons that the British and French played Czarist Russia and Ottoman Turkey against one another and militarily supported the Ottoman Empire in the Crimean War,&amp;nbsp;when&amp;nbsp;the possibility of&amp;nbsp;Russia, under Catherine II, gaining Ottoman territory on the Mediterranean Sea seemed real.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Why did the Soviets and Chinese Bear the Brunt of the Burden in the Second World War?&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; The U.S.S.R. and China suffered the greatest material, demographic and overall losses in the Second World War. A quantitative&amp;nbsp;comparative overview and cross-examination of the casualty&amp;nbsp;figures of Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union and China will show the staggering differences between the so-called “Western Allies” and the so-called&amp;nbsp;“Eastern Allies.”&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Britain&amp;nbsp;suffered 400,000 casualties and&amp;nbsp;the U.S. suffered just over 260,000 casualties. U.S. civilian casualties were virtually non-existent and no U.S. factories were even touched. On the other hand, the U.S.S.R. had about 10 million military casualties and 12 to 14 million civilian casualties, while&amp;nbsp;China had about 4 to 5&amp;nbsp;million military casualties and civilian casualties that have been estimated&amp;nbsp;in the range of&amp;nbsp;8 to 20 million deaths.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Suffering can not be qualified or quantified, but much is overlooked in regards to the Soviet Union and China. Without question the Soviet Union and China lost the greatest ratio of&amp;nbsp;their populations amongst the major Allies. In many cases the casualties of the series of civil wars&amp;nbsp;in the Soviet Union (which saw foreign involvement and even intervention)&amp;nbsp;and the casualties of the Japanese invasion of China (30 million people,&amp;nbsp;starting before 1939) are not&amp;nbsp;counted&amp;nbsp;as Second World War&amp;nbsp;casualties by many&amp;nbsp;historians in Western Europe and the &lt;em&gt;Anglosphere&lt;/em&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Most the fighting in the Second World War also took place in the territories of China and Russia. Both&amp;nbsp;Eurasian giants&amp;nbsp;also faced the greatest destruction of infrastructure and material loss, which set their development back by decades. The agricultural and industrial capacity of China alone was cut in half.&amp;nbsp;The Axis, specifically Germany and Japan (two economic rivals of the U.S. and Britain),&amp;nbsp;also were crippled.&amp;nbsp;In contrast, the U.S. was virtually&amp;nbsp;untouched, while&amp;nbsp;Britain as a state was totally depended on U.S. patronage. [1]&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;U.S. Economic Expansion: Global Wars and the Growth of U.S. Industrial and Economic Might&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Both the First World War and the Second World War managed to eliminate any economic rivalry or challenge to U.S. corporations.&amp;nbsp;While Europe and Asia were ravaged by war, the U.S. inversely grew economically. U.S. industrial might grew by leaps and bounds, while the industrial capacities of Europe and Asia were destroyed by both Allied and Axis sides in the Second World War and by the Allies and the Central Powers in the First World War.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; By the end of the the Second World War, the U.S. literally owned half the global economy through loans, American foreign investment and war debts. U.S. economic expansion and the American export boom were unprecedented in the scale&amp;nbsp;that took place during the period from 1910-1950, all of which was tied to the Eurasian warscape. Also, it was also only the U.S. that had the economic resources to rebuild the economies and industrial capacities of Europe and Asia, which it did with strings attached. These strings&amp;nbsp;involved favourable treatment of U.S. corporations, preferential trade with the U.S., and the setting up&amp;nbsp;of U.S. branch plants.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; 1945&amp;nbsp;was the beginning of Pax Americana. Even much of the foreign aid provided by the U.S. government (with the approval of&amp;nbsp;Congress), to&amp;nbsp;facilitate the&amp;nbsp;reconstruction of European states,&amp;nbsp;flowed back into the private bank accounts of the owners of U.S. corporations, because American&amp;nbsp;firms were&amp;nbsp;awarded&amp;nbsp;many reconstruction-related contracts. War had directly fuelled the industrial might of the United States, while eliminating other rivals such as the Japanese who were a major economic threat to U.S. markets in Asia and the Pacific.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Just to show the extent of the American objectives to&amp;nbsp;handicap their economic rivals one should look at the handling of Japan from 1945&amp;nbsp;till about October 1, 1949.&amp;nbsp;After the surrender of Tokyo to the U.S. on the U.S.S. Missouri and the start of the American occupation and administration of Japan, the Japanese economy began to rapidly decline because of the calculated neglect of the U.S. through the office of the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers (SCAP). In economic terms, the Japanese case&amp;nbsp;was initially very similar to that of Anglo-American occupied Iraq.&lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt; In late-1949 all this began to change.&amp;nbsp;Almost overnight, there was literally a&amp;nbsp;complete change,&amp;nbsp;or a&amp;nbsp;flip-flop, in U.S. policy on Japan.&amp;nbsp;It was only after October 1, 1949 when the People’s Republic of China was declared by Mao Zedong and the Communist Party of China that the U.S. began to allow Japan to recover economically, so as to use it as a counter-weight to China.&amp;nbsp;As a side note, in a case of irony, the quick change in American policy regarding Japan allowed the U.S. to overlook&amp;nbsp;the Japanese policy of not allowing foreign investment, which is one of the reasons for the economic success of Japan and one of the reasons why the financial elites of Japan form&amp;nbsp;part of the&amp;nbsp;trilateral pillar of the global economy along with the elites of the U.S. and Western Europe.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;The “Open Doors” Policy of the Anglo-American Establishment&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;&quot; lang=&quot;EN-CA&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-CA&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Anglo-American elites also made it clear that they&amp;nbsp;wanted a global policy of&amp;nbsp;“open doors” through the 1941 Atlantic Charter, which was a joint&amp;nbsp;British and American declaration about what post-war international relations would be like.&amp;nbsp;It&amp;nbsp;is very important to&amp;nbsp;note that the Atlantic Charter was&amp;nbsp;made before the U.S. even entered the Second World War.&amp;nbsp;The events and description above was the second clear phase behind the start of modern neo-liberal&amp;nbsp;globalization; the first phase was the start of the First World War.&amp;nbsp;In both wars the financial and corporate elite&amp;nbsp;of the U.S., before&amp;nbsp;the&amp;nbsp;entry of the U.S. as a combatant,&amp;nbsp;had funded both sides through loans and American investment, while they destroyed one another. This included the use of middlemen and companies in other countries, such as Canada.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; The creation of the U.S. Federal Reserve in 1913, before the First World War&amp;nbsp;and the U.S. domestic (not foreign, because of the regulations of other states) de-coupling of the gold standard from the U.S. dollar in 1933, before the Second World War,&amp;nbsp;were required beforehand for the U.S.&amp;nbsp;domination of other economies. Both were steps&amp;nbsp;that removed the limits and restrains on the&amp;nbsp;number of&amp;nbsp;U.S. dollars being printed, which allowed the U.S. to invest and loan money to the warring states of Europe and Asia.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Norman Dodd, a former Wall Street banker and investigator for the U.S. Congress, who examined&amp;nbsp; &lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;&quot; lang=&quot;EN-CA&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-CA&quot;&gt;U.S.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;&quot; lang=&quot;EN-CA&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-CA&quot;&gt;tax-exempt foundations, revealed in a 1982 interview that the First World War was anticipated by U.S. elites in order to&amp;nbsp;further&amp;nbsp;manage&amp;nbsp;the global economy. [2] War or any form of large-scale traumatic&amp;nbsp;occurences are the perfect events&amp;nbsp;to use for restructuring societies, all in the&amp;nbsp;name of the war effort and the common good. Civil liberties and labour laws&amp;nbsp;can be suspended, while the press is fully censored and opposition figures arrested or demonized, while&amp;nbsp;corporations and governments merge in close coordination and under the justification of the war effort. This was true of virtually all sides in the First World War and the Second World War, from Canada to Germany under Adolph Hitler.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt; In contrast to the views of its own citizens, the American government&amp;nbsp;was never really neutral during both the First World War and the Second World War. The U.S. was funding&amp;nbsp;and arming the British&amp;nbsp;at the start of the Second World War. Also before the American entry in the Second World War, the U.S., Canada, and Britain&amp;nbsp;started the process of joint&amp;nbsp;war planning and military&amp;nbsp;integration. Before the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbour on December 7, 1941 the U.S. and Canada, which was fighting Germany, on&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;August 17, 1940 signed the Ogdensburg Agreement, which was&amp;nbsp;an agreement&amp;nbsp;that spelled&amp;nbsp;out joint defence through the Permanent Joint Board of Defence&amp;nbsp;and joint war planning against Germany and the Axis.&amp;nbsp;In 1941, the Hyde Park Agreement formally united the Canadian and American war economies and informally united the U.S., Canadian, and British economies. The U.S. and British military command would also be integrated.&amp;nbsp;In part, the monetary arrangement that was made through these war transactions between the U.S., Canada, and Britain&amp;nbsp;would become the basis for the Bretton Woods formula.&lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt; Also, the empires of Britain, France, and other Western European states were not dismantled just due to the fact&amp;nbsp;that they were all&amp;nbsp;degraded because of the Second World War, but because of Anglo-American economic interests. The&amp;nbsp;imperialist policies of these European&amp;nbsp;states made it mandatory for their colonies to have preferential trade with them, which went against the “open doors”&amp;nbsp;policy that would allow&amp;nbsp;U.S. corporations to penetrate&amp;nbsp;into other national economies, especially ones that were ravaged by war and thus perfect for U.S. corporate entrance.&lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-CA&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-CA&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;The Reasons for the German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact&lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Britain and the U.S.&amp;nbsp;also deliberately delayed their invasion of Western Europe, calculating that it would&amp;nbsp;weaken&amp;nbsp;the Soviets who did most the fighting in Europe’s Eastern Front. This is why the U.S. and Britain originally invaded North Africa instead of Europe. They wanted the Third Reich and the Soviet Union to neutralize one another.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;The German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact or the Ribeentrop-Molotov Pact caused shock waves in Europe and North America when it was signed. The German and Soviet governments were at odds with one another. This was more than just because of ideology; Germany and the Soviet Union were being played against one another in the events leading up to the Second World War, just as how previously Germany, the Russian Empire, and the Ottoman Empire were played against one another&amp;nbsp;in Eastern Europe [3]&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; This is why Britain and France only declared war on Berlin, in 1939, when both the U.S.S.R. and Germany had invaded Poland. If the intentions were to protect Poland, then why only declare war against Germany when in reality both the Germans and the Soviets had invaded? There is something much deeper to be said about all this.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; If Moscow and Berlin had not signed a non-aggression agreement there would have been no declaration of war against Germany. In fact Appeasement was a deliberate policy crafted in the hope of allowing Germany to militarize and then allowing the Nazi government the means, through military might, to create a common German-Soviet border, which would be the prerequisite to an anticipated German-Soviet war that would neutralize the two strongest land powers in Europe and Eurasia. [4]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;British policy and the rationale for the non-aggression pact between the Soviets and Germans is described best by Carroll Quigley. Quigley, a top ranking U.S. professor of history, on the basis of the diplomatic agreements in Europe and insider information as an professor of the elites explains the strategic aims of British policy from 1920 to 1938 as:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;blockquote&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;[T]o maintain the balance of power in Europe by building up Germany against France and [the Soviet Union]; to increase Britain’s weight in that balance by aligning with her the Dominions [e.g., Australia and&amp;nbsp;Canada] and the United States; to refuse any commitments (especially any commitments through the League of Nations, and above all any commitments to aid France) beyond those existing in 1919; to keep British freedom of action; to drive Germany eastward against&amp;nbsp;[the Soviet Union] if either or both&amp;nbsp;of these two powers became a threat&amp;nbsp;to the peace [probably meaning economic strength]&amp;nbsp;of Western Europe [and most probably implying British interests].&amp;nbsp;[5]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;In order to carry out this plan of allowing Germany to drive eastward against [the&amp;nbsp;Soviet Union], it was necessary to do three things: (1) to liquidate all the countries standing between Germany and [the Soviet Union]; (2) to prevent France from [honouring] her alliances with these countries [i.e., Czechoslovakia and&amp;nbsp;Poland]; and (3) to hoodwink the&amp;nbsp;[British] people into accepting this&amp;nbsp;as a necessary, indeed, the only solution to the international problem. The Chamberlain group&amp;nbsp;were so successful in all three of these things that they came within an ace of succeeding, and failed only because of the obstinacy of the Poles, the unseemly haste of Hitler, and the fact that at the eleventh hour the Milner&amp;nbsp;Group realized the [geo-strategic] implications of their policy [which to their fear united the Soviets and Germans] and tried to reverse it.&amp;nbsp;[6]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/blockquote&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;It is because of this aim of nurturing Germany into a position of attacking the Soviets that British, Canadian, and American leaders had good rapports (which seem unexplained in standard history textbooks) with Adolph Hitler and the Nazis until the eve of the Second World War.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;In regards to appeasement under Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain and its beginning under the re-militarization of the industrial lands of the Rhineland, Quigley explains:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;blockquote&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;This event of March 1936, by which Hitler remilitarized the Rhineland, was the most crucial event in the whole history of appeasement. So long as the territory west of the Rhine and a strip fifty kilometers wide on the east bank of the river were demilitarized, as provided in the Treaty of Versailles and the Locarno Pacts, Hitler would never have dared to move against Austria, Czechoslovakia, and Poland. He would&amp;nbsp;not have dared because, with western Germany unfortified and denuded of German soldiers, France could have easily driven into the Ruhr industrial area and crippled Germany so that it would be impossible to go eastward. And by this date [1936], certain members of the Milner Group and of the British Conservative government had reached the fantastic idea that they could kill two birds with one stone by setting Germany and [the Soviet Union] against one another in Eastern Europe. In this way they felt that two enemies would&amp;nbsp;stalemate one another, or that Germany would become satisfied with the oil of Rumania and the wheat of the Ukraine. It never occurred to anyone in a responsible position that Germany and [the Soviet Union] might make common cause, even temporarily, against the West. Even less did it occur to them that [the Soviet Union] might beat Germany and thus open all Central Europe to Bolshevism.&amp;nbsp;[7]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;The liquidation of the countries between Germany and [the Soviet Union] could proceed as soon as the Rhineland was fortified, without fear on Germany’s part that France would be able to attack her in the west while she was occupied in the east.&amp;nbsp;[8]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/blockquote&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;In regards to eventually creating a common German-Soviet, the French-led military alliance had to first be neutralized. The Locarno Pacts were fashioned by British foreign policy mandarins to prevent France from being able to militarily support Czechoslovakia and Poland in Eastern Europe and thus to intimidate Germany from halting any attempts at annexing both Eastern European states. Quigley writes:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;blockquote&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;[T]he Locarno agreements guaranteed the frontier of Germany with France and Belgium with the powers of these three states plus Britain and Italy. In reality the agreements gave France nothing, while they gave Britain a veto over French fulfillment of her alliances with Poland and the Little Entente. The French accepted these deceptive documents for reason of internal politics (...) This trap [as Quigley calls the Locarno agreements] consisted of several interlocking factors. In the first place, the agreements did not guarantee the German frontier and the demilitarized condition of the&amp;nbsp;Rhineland against German actions, but against the actions of either Germany or France. This, at one stroke, gave&amp;nbsp;Britain the right to oppose any French action against Germany in support of her allies to the east of Germany. This meant that if Germany moved east against Czechoslovakia, Poland, and eventually [the Soviet Union], and if France attacked Germany’s western frontier in support of Czechoslovakia or Poland, as her alliances bound her to do, Great Britain, Belgium, and Italy might be bound by the Locarno Pacts to come to the aid of Germany.&amp;nbsp;[9]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/blockquote&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;The Anglo-German Naval Agreement of 1935 was also deliberately signed by Britain to prevent the Soviets from joining the neutralized military alliance between France, Czechoslovakia, and Poland. Quigley writes:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;blockquote&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Four days later, Hitler announced Germany’s rearmament, and ten days after that, Britain condoned the act by sending Sir John Simon on a state visit to Berlin. When France tried to counterbalance Germany’s rearmament by bringing the Soviet Union into her eastern alliance system in May 1935, the British counteracted this by making the Anglo-German Naval Agreement of 18 June 1935. This agreement, concluded by Simon, allowed Germany to build up to 35 percent of the size of the British Navy (and up to 100 percent in submarines). This was a deadly stab in the back of France, for it gave Germany a navy considerably larger than the French in the important categories&amp;nbsp;of ships (capital ships and aircraft carriers), because France was bound by treaty to only 33 percent of Britain’s; and France in addition, had a worldwide empire to protect and the unfriendly Italian Navy off her Mediterranean coast. This agreement put the French Atlantic coast so completely at the mercy of the German Navy that France became completely dependent on the British fleet for protection in this area.&amp;nbsp;[10]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/blockquote&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;The Hoare-Laval Plan&amp;nbsp;was also used to stir Germany eastward instead of southward towards the Eastern Mediterranean, which the British saw as the critical linchpin holding their empire together and connecting them through the Egyptian Suez Canal to India. Quigley explains:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;blockquote&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;The countries marked for liquidation included Austria, Czechoslovakia, and Poland, but did not include Greece and Turkey, since the [Milner] Group had no intention of allowing Germany to get down onto the Mediterranean ‘lifeline.’ Indeed, the purpose of the Hoare-Laval Plan of 1935, which wrecked the collective-security system by seeking to give most Ethiopia to Italy, was intended to bring an appeased Italy in position alongside [Britain], in order to block any movement of Germany southward rather than eastward [towards the Soviet Union]. [11]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/blockquote&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Both the Soviet&amp;nbsp;Union, under Joseph Stalin, and Germany, under Adolph Hitler, ultimately became aware of the designs for the planning of a German-Soviet war and because of this both Moscow and Berlin signed a non-aggression pact prior to the Second World War. The German-Soviet arrangement was largely a response to the Anglo-American stance.&amp;nbsp;In the end it was because of Soviet and German distrust for one another that the Soviet-German alliance collapsed and the anticipated German-Soviet war came to fruition as the largest and deadliest war theatre in the Second World War, the Eastern Front.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;The Origins of the Russian Urge to Protect Eurasia&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; With this understanding of the Anglo-American strategic mentality of weakening Eurasia the ground&amp;nbsp;can be paved for understanding the Russian mentality and mind frame&amp;nbsp;for protecting themselves through protecting their European core and uniting&amp;nbsp; Eurasia through such organizations as the Warsaw Pact, the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO),&amp;nbsp;and such&amp;nbsp;Russian policies as the Primakov Doctrine and allying&amp;nbsp;Moscow with Iran and Syria.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; As spheres of influence were carved in Europe, it was understood that Greece would fall into the Anglo-American orbit, while&amp;nbsp;Poland, Bulgaria, Romania, Albania, Yugoslavia,&amp;nbsp;and Czechoslovakia&amp;nbsp;would fall within the Soviet orbit. Due to this understanding the Red Army of the Soviet Union watched as the Greek Communists were butchered and the British militarily intervened&amp;nbsp;in the Greek Civil War. The reason for these agreements involving spheres of influence in Europe was that the Soviets wanted a buffer zone to protect&amp;nbsp;themselves from any further invasions&amp;nbsp;from Western Europe, which had been plaguing the U.S.S.R. and Czarist Russia.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; In reality, the Cold War did not start because of Soviet aggression, but because of a long-standing historic impulse by Anglo-American elites to encircle and control Eurasia. The Soviet Union honoured its agreement with Britain and the U.S. not to intervene in Greece, which&amp;nbsp;even came at&amp;nbsp;the expense of Yugoslav-Soviet relations as Marshal Tito broke with Stalin over the issue. This, however, did not stop the U.S. and Britain from falsely accusing the Soviets of supporting the Greek Communists and declaring war on the Soviets through the Truman Doctrine.&amp;nbsp;This move was a part of the Anglo-American&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;bid to encircle&amp;nbsp;the Soviet Union&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp;to control Eurasia. Today this policy, which&amp;nbsp;existed before the First World War and helped spark the Second World War,&amp;nbsp;has not changed and&amp;nbsp;Anglo-American elites, such as Zbigniew Brzezinski,&amp;nbsp;still talk&amp;nbsp;about partitioning Russia, the successor state of the Soviet Union.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Mahdi Darius Nazemroaya is a Research Associate of&amp;nbsp;the Centre for Research on Globalization (CRG) specializing in geopolitics and strategic issues.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;NOTES&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;[1] British elites, however, had managed to incorporate themselves into the economic livelihood of the U.S., forming an Anglo-American elite and effectively separating themselves from the interests of the majority of British citizens.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; [2] Mahdi Darius Nazemroaya, &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Plans for Redrawing the Middle East: The Project for a “New Middle East&lt;/span&gt;”, &lt;em&gt;Centre for Research on Globalization&lt;/em&gt; (CRG),&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a target=&quot;_new&quot; href=&quot;http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&amp;amp;aid=3882&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;November 18, 2006&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; [3] Mahdi Darius Nazemroaya, &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;The “Great Game”: Eurasia and the History of War&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Centre for Research on Globalization&lt;/em&gt; (CRG),&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a target=&quot;_new&quot; href=&quot;http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&amp;amp;aid=7064&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;December 3, 2007&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;[4] China at this time was already being limited by Japan and before that by combined Japanese, Russian, and Western European policies. This would leave Germany and the U.S.S.R. as the two main threats to Anglo-American interests.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; [5] Carroll Quigley, &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;The Anglo-American Establishment: From Rhodes to Cliveden&lt;/span&gt; (San Pedro, California: &lt;em&gt;GSG &amp;amp; Associates Publishers&lt;/em&gt;, 1981), p.240.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; [6] &lt;em&gt;Ibid&lt;/em&gt;., p.266.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; [7] &lt;em&gt;Ibid&lt;/em&gt;., p.265.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; [8] &lt;em&gt;Ibid&lt;/em&gt;., p.272.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; [9] &lt;em&gt;Ibid&lt;/em&gt;., p.264.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; [10] &lt;em&gt;Ibid&lt;/em&gt;., pp.269-270.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; [11] &lt;em&gt;Ibid&lt;/em&gt;., p.273.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;&gt; &lt;hr /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;articleFooterText&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Disclaimer: The views expressed in this article are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the Centre for Research on Globalization. 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If you wish to use copyrighted material for purposes other than &quot;fair use&quot; you must request permission from the copyright owner.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; For media inquiries:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;mailto:crgeditor@yahoo.com&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;crgeditor@yahoo.com&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;© Copyright Mahdi Darius Nazemroaya, Global Research, 2009&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; The url address of this article is:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.globalresearch.ca/PrintArticle.php?articleId=15342&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;www.globalresearch.ca/PrintArticle.php?articleId=15342&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;hr /&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;articleFooterText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;© Copyright 2005-2007 GlobalResearch.ca&lt;br /&gt; Web site engine by&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.polygraphx.com/&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Polygraphx Multimedia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;© Copyright 2005-2007&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
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<title>Europa-Russia-Eurasia: una geopolitica &quot;orizzontale&quot;</title>
<link>http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/archive/2009/10/13/1.html</link>
<author>noreply@hautetfort.com (Ratatosk)</author>
<category>Géopolitique</category>
<pubDate>Sun, 18 Oct 2009 00:10:00 +0200</pubDate>
<description>
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 17pt; line-height: 115%; mso-font-width: 121%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img name=&quot;media-2038759&quot; src=&quot;http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/media/01/00/1579200163.png&quot; alt=&quot;PremongolEurasia.png&quot; style=&quot;border-width: 0; margin: 0.7em 0;&quot; id=&quot;media-2038759&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;EUROPA-RUSSIA-EURASIA:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;UNA &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;GEOPOLITICA &quot;ORIZZONTALE&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;di &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Carlo Terracciano / Ex: &lt;a href=&quot;http://eurasiaunita.splinder.com/&quot;&gt;http://eurasiaunita.splinder.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;L'idea eurasiatica rappresenta una fondamentale revisione della storia politica, ideologica, etnica e &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;religiosa dell'umanità; essa offre un nuovo sistema di&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt;classificazione e categorie che sostituiranno gli schemi&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.35pt;&quot;&gt;usuali. Così l'eurasiatismo in questo contesto può essere&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.2pt;&quot;&gt;definito come un progetto dell'integrazione strategica,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;geopolitica ed economica del continente eurasiatico&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.2pt;&quot;&gt;settentrionale, considerato come la culla della storia e&lt;/span&gt; la matrice delle nazioni europee&quot;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;right&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: right;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aleksandr Dugin&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Continenti e geopolitica&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt;L'Eurasia è un continente &quot;orizzontale&quot;, al contrario&lt;/span&gt; dell'America che è un continente &quot;verticale&quot;. Cercheremo di approfondire poi questa perentoria affermazione analizzando la storia e soprattutto la geografia, in particolare eurasiatica. Terremo ben presente che in geopolitica la suddivisione dei &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.2pt;&quot;&gt;continenti non corrisponde a quella accademica, ancor&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt;oggi insegnata nelle nostre scuole fin dalle elementari,&lt;/span&gt; e che, comunque, se un continente è &quot;una massa di &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;terre emerse e abitate, circondata da mari e/o oceani&quot;, è evidente che l'Europa, come continente&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.2pt;&quot;&gt;a sé stante (assieme ad Asia, Africa, America e Australia), non risponde neanche ai requisiti della&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;geografia scolastica. Ad est infatti essa è saldamente unita all'Asia propriamente detta. La linea&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;verticale degli Urali, di modesta altezza e degradanti a sud, è stata posta ufficialmente come la&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;demarcazione trai due continenti, prolungata fino al fiume Ural ed al Mar Caspio; ma non ha mai rappresentato un vero confine, un ostacolo riconosciuto rispetto all'immensa pianura che&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;corre orizzontalmente dall'Atlantico al Pacifico. La nascita e l'espansione della Russia moderna&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;verso est, fino ad occupare e popolare l'intera Siberia, non è altro che la naturale conseguenza&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.2pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;militare e politica di un dato territoriale: la sostanziale unità geografica della parte settentrionale&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;della massa eurasiatica, la grande pianura che corre dall'Atlantico al Pacifico, distinta a sud da&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;deserti e catene montuose che segnano il vero confine con l'Asia profonda.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;Nel suo libro &lt;em&gt;Pekino tra Washington e Mosca&lt;/em&gt; (Volpe, Roma, 1972) Guido Giannettini&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;affermava: &quot;Riassumendo, dunque, il confine tra il mondo occidentale e quello orientale non&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;sta negli Urali ma sugli Altai&quot;. Inseriva quindi anche la Russia con la Siberia in &quot;occidente&quot; e&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.2pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;ne specificava di seguitole coordinate geografiche: &quot;la penisola anatolica, i monti del Kurdistan,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;l'altopiano steppico del Khorassan, il Sinkiang, il Tchingai, la Mongolia, il Khingan, il Giappone&quot;. Semplificando possiamo dire che il vero confine &lt;em&gt;orizzontale&lt;/em&gt; tra le due grandi aree geopolitiche della massa continentale genericamente eurasiatica è quello che separa l'Europa (con la penisola di Anatolia) più la Federazione Russa, con tutta la Siberia fino a Vladivostok, dal resto dell'Asia &quot;gialla&quot; (Cina, Corea Giappone); nonché dalle altre &lt;em&gt;aree &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.2pt;&quot;&gt;geopoliticamente omogenee&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.2pt;&quot;&gt;(omogenee per ambiente, storia, cultura, religione ed economia)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;dell'Asia (Vicino Oriente arabo-islamico, mondo turanico, Islam indoeuropeo dal Kurdistan&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;all'Indo, subcontinente indiano, Sudest asiatico peninsulare e insulare fino all'Indonesia). Più che di un confine di tipo moderno si potrebbe parlare, specie nell'Asia centrale, di un &lt;em&gt;limes&lt;/em&gt; in&lt;/span&gt; senso romano, di &lt;em&gt;una fascia confinaria più o&lt;/em&gt; meno ampia che separa popoli e tradizioni molto differenti. In termini politici, specie dopo la dissoluzione dell'URSS, potremmo comunque porre questo confine asiatico attorno al 50° parallelo, per poi proseguire con gli attuali confini di stato tra Federazione Russa a nord e Cina-Mongolia-Giappone.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Del resto, in questo XXI secolo dell'era volgare la nuova concezione eurasiatista delle &lt;em&gt;aree geopolitiche e geoeconomiche&lt;/em&gt; omogenee supera le concezioni politiche vetero­&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt;nazionaliste otto-novecentesche, basate su confini ritagliati a linee rette con squadra e compasso.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;Al contrario si considerano &quot;aree&quot; che spesso si sovrappongono ed integrano, come una serie&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;di anelli concatenati tra loro (tipo i cerchi colorati della bandiera olimpica): ad esempio, l'arca&lt;/span&gt; mediterranea è certamente un'unità geopolitica in un mare interno, quasi chiuso agli oceani, &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;che, come dice il suo stesso nome, rappresenta la &lt;em&gt;medianità, il&lt;/em&gt; baricentro, il ponte tra le terre&lt;/span&gt; prospicienti. Ciò non toglie che i paesi europei che si affacciano sul sistema marittimo &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;Mediterraneo - Mar di Marinara - Mar Nero facciano certamente parte integrante dell'Europa,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.2pt;&quot;&gt;a sua volta prolungamento occidentale dell'Asia settentrionale, cioè dello spazio russo-siberiano.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Come si noterà, le varie unità omogenee della massa eurasiatica sono disposte tutte in &lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;senso orizzontale.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;La geografia del Mondo Antico, di tutta la massa che con un neologismo potremmo definire &lt;em&gt;Eufrasia,&lt;/em&gt; penetrata da un sistema marittimo interno, va in questo senso:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;da ovest ad est (o viceversa), nel &lt;em&gt;senso dei paralleli. È lo&lt;/em&gt; stesso senso di marcia seguito dai&lt;/span&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.3pt;&quot;&gt;ReitervöIker,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.3pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;i &quot;popoli&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.3pt;&quot;&gt;cavalieri&quot; che &lt;em&gt;corsero&lt;/em&gt; l'intera Eurasia fin dai più remoti tempi preistorici,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;i tempi dei miti e delle saghe dell'origine. &lt;em&gt;È lo&lt;/em&gt; stesso tragitto, da est a ovest, delle invasioni che&lt;/span&gt; dalle steppe dell'Asia centralesi rovesciarono sulla penisola occidentale europea in ondate successive: quelle che noi definiamo &quot;invasioni barbariche&quot;, nel periodo della caduta dell' &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.2pt;&quot;&gt;Impero Romano. Poi vennero Tamerlano e Gengiz-Khan; quindi i Turchi, dapprima in Anatolia&lt;/span&gt; e poi nei Balcani.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Siberia russa&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Precisamente del Sur de Siberia y de Mongolia provencan las oleadas de los llamados 'bárbaros' que, a través de las estepas que rodean el Caspio y el Mar Negro, llegaron a Europa &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot;&gt;y cambiaron tanto su faz durante los primeros siglos de nuestra Era&quot; (Alexandr Dugin,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;em&gt;Rusia. El misterio de Eurasia,&lt;/em&gt; Madrid, GL 88,1992, p. 127).&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Precedentemente la grande epopea araba dell'Islam, conquistatala penisola arabica, si era espansa sia verso ovest - nel Sahara e in Spagna – sia verso est - nel Vicino Oriente e fino al &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;centro dell'Asia. Con l'avvento dell'età moderna sarà proprio la Russia, liberatasi dal dominio&lt;/span&gt; dell'Orda d' Oro e riunificata attorno al Principato di Moscoviti, a percorrere la strada lineare &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.3pt;&quot;&gt;da ovest ad est. &quot;&lt;em style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;J&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ermak è il Pizarro della Russia, l'uomo che sottomise la Siberia e la donò&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.2pt;&quot;&gt;allo zar Ivan il Terribile.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.2pt;&quot;&gt;E con lui la famiglia degli Stroganoff e in generale i Cosacchi&quot; (Juri&lt;/span&gt; Semionov, &lt;em&gt;La conquista della Siberia,&lt;/em&gt; Sonzogno, Piacenza, 1974). Nell'arco di appena un &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;secolo, dalla salita al trono di Ivan IV il Terribile nel 1547 alla scoperta dello stretto di Bering&lt;/span&gt; nel 1648, la conquista della Siberia è un fatto compiuto. Un evento quasi sconosciuto nei nostri testi di storia, ma che rappresenta e sempre più rappresenterà in futuro un fattore determinante per gli equilibri planetari, come intuì anche il geopolitico inglese Mackinder all'inizio del secolo scorso.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lo spazio è potenza, anche uno spazio vuoto. La Siberia, con la sua vastità ancora in &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.2pt;&quot;&gt;massima parte intatta, con le sue risorse energetiche e minerali, con la sua posizione, rappresenta&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;una potenzialità unica per l' Eurasia, cioè per l'Europa e la Russia insieme: la possibilità di una&lt;/span&gt; possibile autarchia da contrapporre alla globalizzazione mondialista americanocentrica. La &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;Siberia rappresenta per tutta l'Europa fino agli Urali quello che fu il &lt;em&gt;&quot;Far West&quot;&lt;/em&gt; per le tredici&lt;/span&gt; colonie dei nascenti Stati Uniti: è il nostro &lt;em&gt;&quot;Far East&quot;!&lt;/em&gt; Ma &lt;em style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;H&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eartIand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt; mackinderiano può &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;essere difeso solo con il controllo di tutta la penisola Europa e delle sue coste atlantiche. Come&lt;/span&gt; ben sanno i Russi dal '700 in poi.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;Dal XVIII al XX secolo la Russia fu mira dell'espansionismo da occidente. Svezia, Francia,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;Germania hanno tentato invano di conquistare da ovest ad est lo spazio vitale russo: sempre e&lt;/span&gt; comunque in linea orizzontale, seguendo la conformazione geografica del continente.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;E, in senso inverso, sarà l'impero russo, oramai divenuto sovietico, a espandere verso ovest la propria influenza dopo la Seconda Guerra Mondiale (la &quot;Grande Guerra Patriottica&quot; per i Russi), mentre gli USA conquisteranno la parte occidentale, marittima e oceanica della penisola europea.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La NATO in marcia verso l’Heartland&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;All'inizio dell'ultimo decennio del secolo scorso, il crollo implosivo dell'URSS e l'avanzata ad est della NATO portano le truppe e i missili USA nei paesi dell'ex blocco sovietico, del &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;Patto di Varsavia, e della stessa URSS (paesi baltici). La talassocrazia americana, già padrona&lt;/span&gt; incontrastata degli oceani mondiali, penetra a fondo nel cuore d'Eurasia, all'assalto degli &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;ultimi bastioni di resistenza rappresentati dalle potenze terrestri russa e cinese.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: #030c0d; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pensare che la Russia possa fare a meno dell'Europa peninsulare (e viceversa l'Europa della Russia) di fronte a questa avanzata finale è assolutamente contrario alla geostrategia &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;quanto al semplice buon senso. Consideriamo innanzitutto che l'Europa di cui parliamo non&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;è una libera e sovrana unità di stati indipendenti, se non formalmente. In realtà dal '45 in poi il continente è sotto l'egemonia statunitense, cioè della talassocrazia atlantica. Con qualche rara&lt;/span&gt; eccezione, come in parte la Francia erede del gollismo, e con la conferma della Gran Bretagna quale appendice americana in Europa.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: #030c0d; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La NATO, non a caso, dal 1949 fino al crollo dell'URSS si estendeva su tutti gli stati europei rivieraschi dell'Atlantico e del Mediterraneo, per chiudere al Patto di Varsavia ogni &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;accesso marittimo, isolando l' URSS e strangolandola nella sua dimensione territoriale: tanto&lt;/span&gt; estesa quanto chiusa alle grandi acque oceaniche e ai mari caldi interni. Dopo il fallimento dell'avventura afgana, preliminare ad uno sbocco all'Oceano Indiano che spezzasse l'accerchiamento nella massa eurasiatica, il contraccolpo derivato dalla sconfitta e dal ripiegamento ha mandato in frantumi l'oramai artificiosa struttura dell'impero sovietico, demotivato anche ideologicamente e stremato economicamente da un apparato militare obsoleto e chiaramente inadatto alle sfide del presente.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;Oggi poi l'Alleanza Atlantica, lungi dall'essersi dissolta per &quot;cessato pericolo&quot;, si è estesa&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.2pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;sempre più ad est, toccando nel Baltico i confini russi. L'Ucraina &lt;em&gt;è&lt;/em&gt; già sulla via dell'integrazione&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;occidentale, il Caucaso è in fiamme, la Georgia è saldamente in mano a Washington.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;Non è certo con la sola, ipotetica, alleanza di medie potenze regionali asiatiche che Mosca&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;può pensare di vincere la partita con Washington; partita mortale, esiziale per la sua stessa integrità territoriale e sopravvivenza come impero.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: #030c0d; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Quello a cui punta l'America di Bush, di Brzezinski (ebreo di origine polacca) e di tutti i &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;loro sodali biblici è semplicemente l'annientamento della Russia come entità storico-politica.&lt;/span&gt; L'alternativa alla Federazione Russa attuale è il ritorno al Principato di Moscovia, tributario stavolta di un'altra &quot;Orda d'Oro&quot;, ben peggiore: quella dei finanzieri di Wall Street.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: #030c0d; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Da un punto di vista geopolitico russocentrico, l'unica sicurezza per i secoli a venire non &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;può esser rappresentata che dal &lt;em&gt;controllo sotto qualsiasi forma delle coste della massa&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;eurasiatica settentrionale,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;quelle coste che si affacciano sui due principali oceani mondiali, l'Atlantico e il Pacifico. E se Vladivostok è la &quot;porta d'Oriente&quot; (e tale può restare, in accordo&lt;/span&gt; e collaborazione con il colosso nascente cinese, indirizzando Pechino al Pacifico e appoggiandone le giuste rivendicazioni perla restituzione di Taiwan), è ad occidente che si &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.2pt;&quot;&gt;giocherà la partita decisiva: quella della salvezza della Russia come della liberazione dell'Europa&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;dal giogo americano. Fino alla Manica, al Portogallo, a Reykjavik. O l'Europa si integrerà in&lt;/span&gt; una sfera di cooperazione economica, politica e militare con Mosca (il famoso asse Parigi­-&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;Berlino-Mosca), o sarà usata nell'ambito NATO dagli americani come una pistola puntata su&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;Mosca. L'esperienza del Kossovo e della guerra alla Serbia dovrebbe aver insegnato qualcosa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;L'unica sicurezza per una potenza continentale estesa come la Federazione Russa è il controllo delle coste, di isole e penisole della sua area geopolitica di interesse; in caso contrario, l'Europa sarebbe prima o poi usata come un ariete americano per sfondare le porte della Federazione e dissolverla nelle sue cento realtà etno-politico-religiose.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;La tentazione di risolvere per sempre la &quot;questione russa&quot; (anticipando anche lo sviluppo&lt;/span&gt; della Cina come grande potenza economica e militare) è forte, specialmente oggi che Washington resta l'unica superpotenza dominante nel globo.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;L'Heartland, il &quot;Cuore della Terra&quot;, è a portata di mano. La talassocrazia USA ha occupato buona parte di quel&lt;/span&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;&quot;&gt;Rimland,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;di quell&quot;'Anello Marginale&quot; eurasiatico che era stato individuato dal geopolitico americano Spykman già durante la Guerra Mondiale. E Russia e Cina sono gli&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;ultimi reali ostacoli a quella conquista definitiva dell'Isola del Mondo, ossia dell'Eurasia, che concluderebbe la conquista americana del pianeta. Le truppe a stelle e strisce sono a Kabul e&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;a Bagdad, ma con basi avanzate anche a Tiblisi, Taškent, Biškek. Iran e Siria, potenziali alleati,&lt;/span&gt; sono sotto il mirino delle armate americane e dei missili atomici di Israele. E anche se l'occupazione a stelle e strisce dell'Iraq non è andata secondo i piani del Pentagono, è certo che le truppe americane non lasceranno il paese, le sue basi militari, i suoi pozzi petroliferi, neanche molti anni dopo le elezioni farsa del 2005.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Oriente e Occidente&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;Certo l'integrazione di due realtà complesse e per molto tempo separate, come sono Europa&lt;/span&gt; e Russia, non sarà semplice e immediata; d'altronde non lo fu neanche la creazione di Stati nazionali quali la Spagna, la Francia e specialmente l'Italia. Eppure oriente e occidente sono destinati ad incontrarsi e fondersi. L'Europa Unita dei capitali, dei mercati, della tecnologia, &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;ma sradicata dalle proprie tradizioni e valori, trova nella Russia dei grandi spazi siberiani, della&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;potenza militare nucleare e delle materie prime, una Russia ancora in parte legata alle proprie&lt;/span&gt; tradizioni, il suo stesso naturale proseguimento geografico, politico, storico, culturale. Una parte possiede quel che manca all'altra.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.2pt;&quot;&gt;A questo punto va inserita una precisazione sui concetti di &quot;Oriente&quot; e &quot;Occidente&quot; conforme&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.15pt;&quot;&gt;alla prospettiva eurasiatista di Dugin e della scuola geopolitica russa in generale. In un te­&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.2pt;&quot;&gt;sto dell'ottobre 2001, intitolato &quot;La sfida della Russia e la ricerca dell'identità&quot;, Aleksandr Dugin&lt;/span&gt; affermava tra l'altro: &quot;Gli eurasiatisti considerano tutta la situazione presente da una loro &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;peculiare prospettiva [rispetto ai nazionalisti slavofili e ai neosovietisti]: nemico principale è la&lt;/span&gt; civiltà occidentale. Gli eurasiatisti fanno proprie tutte le tesi antioccidentali: geopolitiche, &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;filosofiche, religiose, storiche, culturali, socioeconomiche, e sono pronti ad allearsi con tutti i&lt;/span&gt; patrioti e con tutti coloro che propugnano una 'politica di potere' &lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;&quot;&gt;(derzhavniki) -&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt; siano essi di destra o di sinistra – che miri a salvare la 'specificità russa' di fronte alla minaccia della &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot;&gt;globalizzazione e dell'atlantismo&quot;. E ancora: &quot;Per noi eurasiatisti, l'Occidente è il regno&lt;/span&gt; dell' Anticristo, il &quot;luogo maledetto&quot;. Ogni minaccia contro la Russia viene dall'Occidente e dai rappresentanti delle tendenze occidentaliste in Russia&quot;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;È ovvio che Dugin, pensatore formatosi sul pensiero tradizionale, sulla cultura europea di&lt;/span&gt; Nietzsche, Guénon, Evola ecc., non confonde affatto l'Europa con l'Occidente, tant'è vero &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;che di seguito indica giustamente il nemico comune dell'Uomo &lt;em&gt;nell'atlantismo, nel Nuovo&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt;Ordine Mondiale, nella globalizzazione americanocentrica,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt;ecc. ecc. La contrapposizione&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;tra Oriente e Occidente, specialmente se riferita all'Europa del XX secolo, è, in termini politici&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;e geografici, un' invenzione della propaganda atlantista, dopo la spartizione dell'Europa stessa&lt;/span&gt; a Jalta.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Quale Europa?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Possiamo anche aggiungere che la stessa contrapposizione &quot;razziale&quot; tra euro-germanici e slavi, assimilati alla &quot;congiura ebraica&quot; sulla base dell'esperienza della rivoluzione bolscevica in Russia e non solo, fu uno dei grandi errori della Germania, la quale, proprio per questo, perse la guerra, l'integrità territoriale e l'indipendenza. Valida in parte nella prima fase &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;rivoluzionaria, tale contrapposizione non tenne conto della svolta staliniana in politica interna,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;né del rovesciamento di prospettiva tra Rivoluzione e Russia attuata dal dittatore georgiano,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;considerato dai russi &quot;l'ultimo zar&quot; rosso del paese: non la Russia come strumento e trampolino&lt;/span&gt; di lancio della &quot;rivoluzione permanente&quot; trotzkista in Europa, ma al contrario il marxismo come strumento ideologico-politico di conquista per iI rinato impero russo-sovietico.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Riproporre questa contrapposizione tra Europei, a ruoli rovesciati, sarebbe esiziale per i Russi oggi quanto lo fu per i Tedeschi ieri. La scuola geopolitica tedesca di Haushofer, al contrario, aveva sempre auspicato un'alleanza geostrategica tra Germania e Russia, estesa fino all'estremo limite dell'Eurasia, all'Impero del Sol Levante, bastione oceanico contro l'ingerenza espansionistica dell' imperialismo USA nel Pacifico.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt;Per oltre mezzo secolo l' Europa è stata divisa dai vincitori tra un Est e un Ovest; la Germania,&lt;/span&gt; tra una Repubblica Federale ad ovest e la DDR a est; la sua capitale, cuore d'Europa, tra Berlino Est e Berlino Ovest. Su questo falso bipolarismo per conto terzi si è giocata, per quasi mezzo secolo, la &quot;guerra fredda&quot; delle due superpotenze. &quot;Fredda&quot; in Europa, ma ben &quot;calda&quot; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.2pt;&quot;&gt;nel resto del mondo, in Asia, Africa e America Latina, con guerre, rivoluzioni, decolonizzazione,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;colpi di stato, dittature militari, invasioni, blocchi economici, minacce nucleari e via elencando.&lt;/span&gt; L’antitesi tra un'Europa &quot;occidentale&quot;, progredita e democratica ed un Est &quot;slavo&quot; aggressivo &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;e minaccioso, retrogrado e inaffidabile, è il residuo politico del passato prossimo, un rottame della Guerra Fredda, ma anche uno strumento dell'attuale politica di Bush e soci per tenere a&lt;/span&gt; freno un'Europa avviata all'unità economica, affinché non riconosca nella Russia il naturale complemento del proprio spazio geoeconomico vitale, bensì vi veda un pericolo sempre incombente. Il caso Ucraina, con ancora una volta europei e americani schierati contro la Russia, è la cartina di tornasole di queste posizioni residuali sorte dagli esiti della Seconda Guerra Mondiale, la &lt;em&gt;Guerra Civile Europea&lt;/em&gt; per eccellenza.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.2pt;&quot;&gt;Errore mortale quindi identificare Europa ed Occidente. Esiziale per l'Europa, ma soprattutto&lt;/span&gt; per la Russia e in ogni caso per l'Eurasia comunque intesa.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Certo l'Europa/Occidente a cui pensano gli eurasiatisti di Mosca è quella sorta dalla Rivoluzione francese, l'Europa degli &quot;Immortali Principi&quot; dell'&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;89,&lt;/span&gt;dell'Illuminismo prima e del Positivismo poi, del modernismo e del materialismo estremo. &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;Si tratta di quell'Occidente&lt;/span&gt; che ha tentato a più riprese di invadere lo spazio vitale russo, per poi attuare sul corpo vivo &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;della Santa Russia ortodossa uno degli esperimenti politico-sociali più disastrosi della storia.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;Ebbene: questo &quot;Occidente&quot; ed i suoi falsi miti sono il nemico oggettivo &lt;em&gt;anche dell'Europa,&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;cioè della penisola eurasiatica d'occidente. L'Europa della tradizione, della vera cultura, della&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;civiltà latina-germanica-slava. Alla fine del ciclo è l' antitradizione quella che coinvolge tutto il globo e travolge ogni distinzione, senza limiti né confini: a est, ad ovest, a nord, a sud. Sarebbe&lt;/span&gt; un errore, ripetiamolo, da pagare in futuro a caro prezzo, confondere le politiche dei singoli &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;governi europei di oggi, o anche quella della UE in generale, con la realtà storica e geografica,&lt;/span&gt; con la geopolitica appunto, che vede Europa-Russia-Siberia come un unico blocco, una inscindibile unità geografica. Infatti essa ha prodotto per secoli e secoli una storia comune &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;fatta sia di conflitti che di scambi, di reciproci imprestiti culturali, artistici, religiosi, economici,&lt;/span&gt; politici.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: #060c0d;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: #060c0d;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #060c0d; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Russia vichinga, bizantina, tartara&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Da un punto di vista etnico, la tendenza degli studi storici e geografici presso la scuola geopolitica russa contemporanea è quella di rivalutare la componente &quot;orientale&quot;, in particolare &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;l'influsso delle popolazioni nomadi dell'Asia centrale sulla formazione della Russia moscovita;&lt;/span&gt; influenza che avrebbe determinato una specificità &quot;eurasiatica&quot; dal Principato di Moscoviti all'Impero zarista, dalla Russia sovietica (in particolare nell'epoca staliniana) fino all'attuale &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;Federazione Russa, che attraverso la C.S.I. (Comunità degli Stati Indipendenti) dovrebbe far&lt;/span&gt; recuperare a Mosca il ruolo egemone sui territori islamici dell'Asia Centrale: quelli, per inciso, che oggi sono sottoposti alla pressione statunitense, dopo l'invasione dell'Afghanistan e dell'Iraq. In questo contesto, la qualità &quot;eurasiatica&quot; non si riferirebbe tanto ad una realtà geopolitica unitaria da Reykjavik a Vladivostok, bensì ad una &lt;em&gt;diversità&lt;/em&gt; tutta russa, rispetto sia alla parte occidentale sia all'Asia &quot;gialla&quot; vera e propria.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;Gli autori citati da Dugin, Trubeckoj, Savickij, Florovskij e soprattutto Lev Gumilev (del&lt;/span&gt; quale è stato tradotto in italiano il fondamentale studio &lt;em&gt;Gli Unni. Un impero di nomadi antagonista dell'antica Cina,&lt;/em&gt; Einaudi, Torino 1972) hanno rivalutato il ruolo, misconosciuto dai filoccidentalisti, della componente asiatica della Russia. L'influenza mongolo-tatara, il regno dell'Orda d'Oro che nel XIII secolo investì i territori russi e l'Europa orientale, arrivando &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;fino a Cattaro sull'Adriatico, viene considerata determinante nella formazione della presunta specificità dell'&quot;anima russa&quot; e della corrispondente autocrazia politica e sociale. Quella che&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;in passato rappresentava per gli studiosi occidentali e per i Russi occidentalizzati una macchia, un marchio per la Russia, &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;è&lt;/span&gt; tradotto oggi dai neo-eurasiatisti in un dato positivo: si tratta di un&lt;/span&gt; fattore che segna la differenza nei confronti di un Occidente corrotto e corruttore, sicché le &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.2pt;&quot;&gt;steppe d'Asia e la componente di sangue tataro vengono a recuperare le radici di un radicamento&lt;/span&gt; &quot;altro&quot;, senza per questo confondersi con i popoli asiatici. In tal modo viene affermata una &lt;em&gt;specificità eurasiatica differenziata,&lt;/em&gt; rispetto ai popoli d'occidente e a quelli d'oriente. Tutt'al &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;più, la Russia è un ponte di passaggio, il &quot;regno mediano&quot; tra le due ali della massa eurasiatica&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;genericamente intesa. Non europei, non asiatici, ma russi, &lt;em&gt;cioè&lt;/em&gt; eurasiatici! In quanto tali, i &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;Russi sono interessati ad una &quot;sfera geopolitica&quot; (potremmo definirla senza giri di parole con&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;il termine geopolitico di &lt;em&gt;spazio vitale?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;che recuperi a Mosca le terre già sovietiche del centro&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.2pt;&quot;&gt;dell'Asia, ed associ nuovi partner regionali fino al Golfo Persico e all'Oceano Indiano: Turchia,&lt;/span&gt; Iran, India.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Questo revisionismo storico dei neo-eurasiatisti russi del secolo appena trascorso e del &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;XXI ineunte è certamente giusto e positivo rispetto allo sbilanciamento della proiezione, tutta occidentalista, iniziata da Pietro il Grande (di cui la capitale baltica, da lui voluta tre secoli or sono per proiettare il paese verso ovest e sui mari, è il simbolo più evidente) e proseguita con&lt;/span&gt; Caterina la Grande giù giù fino ai Romanov.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;Ma, come sempre avviene, un' estremizzazione rischia di rovesciarsi nell'estremizzazione&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;di segno contrario.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;Aparte la devastante incursione del 1237 su Rjazan, Mosca e Vladimir, è al 1240 che si fa&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;risalire il dominio del Canato dell'Orda d'Oro sulla Russia, cioè le conquiste occidentali di &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.2pt;&quot;&gt;Batu, nipote di Temujin-Gengis Khan (1162-1227) e fondatore di questo regno gengiskhanide.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;Nello stesso anno tuttavia il principe Aleksandr, Duca di Novgorod e Granduca di Vladimir,&lt;/span&gt; combatteva contro gli Svedesi al fiume Neva (da cui il soprannome onorifico di &lt;em&gt;Nevskij&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;e due anni dopo sconfiggeva l'Ordine Teutonico al lago Peipus (lo scontro reso celeberrimo anche dal film di Ejzenštein); poi faceva atto formale di sottomissione all'Orda. Così fece Mosca, che creò la propria fortuna quale tributaria dei Tartari presso le altre città russe.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;Ma il dominio mongolo fu molto blando. Karakorum, capitale e baricentro dell'espansione,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.2pt;&quot;&gt;lontanissima. Un piccolo numero di &lt;em&gt;baskaki&lt;/em&gt; (sorveglianti) furono insediati nelle città principali;&lt;/span&gt; ma solo la nobiltà e non il popolo ebbe un rapporto diretto, di vassallaggio, con i nuovi &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;dominatori delle steppe, con l'istituzione &lt;em&gt;dello jarlyk,&lt;/em&gt; cioè l'autorizzazione a governare. Già&lt;/span&gt; alla fine del XIII secolo il confine dell'Orda correva sotto la linea Viatka-Ni&lt;sup&gt;•&lt;/sup&gt;nj Novgorod - &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;Principato di Rjazan, mentre il Grande Principato di Mosca espandeva i suoi confini e iniziava&lt;/span&gt; la lunga marcia verso l'unificazione dei Russi. Con il Principato di Novgorod, di Tver, di Pskov, di Rjazan, Mosca era solo tributaria dell'Orda d'Oro. Nel 1480, con un semplice &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;schieramento di eserciti sul fiume Ugra, senza quasi combattere, si poteva considerare finita la&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;dominazione mongola sulla Moscovia e la Russia centro-settentrionale. Due secoli e mezzo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;A confronto di questi eventi nella formazione della Russia e dei Russi ci sono da ricordare i quattro secoli precedenti: in particolare influenza esercitata dalla popolazione vichinga dei&lt;/span&gt; Variaghi, pacificamente fusi con gli Slavi autoctoni, che li avevano chiamati a governarli. &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;L'origine della &lt;em&gt;Rus'&lt;/em&gt; è narrata in varie Cronache, la più nota delle quali è la &lt;em&gt;Cronaca degli anni&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;passati&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;(111&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;0-1120 circa, probabilmente ripresa da un manoscritto originale di sessanta anni prima). Dell'860 è l'attacco di Askold e Dir, sovrani di Kijev, a Costantinopoli. Poi vennero le&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;imprese semi-leggendarie di Rjurik, dalla penisola scandinava a Novgorod, fondatore di una&lt;/span&gt; dinastia che regnerà fino al 1598. E poi Igor, &quot;guerriero vichingo vagabondo e pagano, sebbene portasse un nome interamente slavo&quot; (Robin Milney-Gulland e Nikolai Dejevsky, &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;Atlante della Russia e dell'Unione Sovietica, Istituto Geografico De Agostani, Novara, 1991).&lt;/span&gt; E figlio Vladimir si convertirà al cristianesimo nel 988 d.C., trascinando la Russia alla fede ortodossa dipendente da Costantinopoli, ma soprattutto introducendola da allora in poi nel consesso della cultura e degli stati europei. Una conversione che a quei tempi comportava &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;anche una nuova cultura, libri, architettura religiosa e civile e, in particolare, un nuovo assetto&lt;/span&gt; politico, modellato su quello del l'Impero Romano d' Oriente, del quale un giorno Mosca si proclamerà erede come &quot;Terza Roma&quot;, ergendosi quindi a depositaria delle glorie di Roma &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;antica e di Costantinopoli: cioè &lt;em&gt;occidente e oriente dell'Europa.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;È&lt;/span&gt; evidente da tutto ciò, dalla&lt;/span&gt; storia, dalla geografia, dalla fede e dalla cultura, quale sia stato il peso dell'Europa (quella della Tradizione e non quella moderna dei &lt;em&gt;Lumi&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;),&lt;/span&gt;su tutta la Russia. Fu certo un peso preponderante, anche sotto l'aspetto etnico e culturale, rispetto a quello, pur importante, del successivo khanato mongolo; combattendo contro il quale, i Russi svilupparono nei secoli posteriori una coscienza nazionale. Dugin stesso è, nella sua figura, l'esempio nobile delle ascendenze nordico-vichinghe della &lt;em&gt;Rus'.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sarebbe dunque veramente assurdo contrapporre l'etnia slava (con la sua componente &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;tatara) all'Europa germanica ed a quella latina, magari identificando l'Europa latino-germanica&lt;/span&gt; con l'occidente &quot;atlantico&quot; e con la mentalità razionalista, positivista e materialista propria degli ultimi secoli e resasi egemone particolarmente in America.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Le varie &quot;famiglie&quot; linguistiche europee hanno un'unica origine, un solo ceppo, radici comuni nell'Eurasia e nel Nord. E fanno parte a pieno titolo dell'Europa anche popoli come &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;quelli ugrofinnici (Ungheresi, Finlandesi, Estoni), arrivati nella penisola continentale in epoche&lt;/span&gt; successive, da quel crocevia di popoli che fu il centro dell'Asia. E che dire dei Baschi o dei &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;Sardi, popoli di origini controverse? Contrapporre le genti dell'est e dell'ovest dell'Europa, lo&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.2pt;&quot;&gt;ripetiamo, sembra la riproposizione, fatta al contrario, di quella propaganda razziale che vedeva&lt;/span&gt; negli Slavi &quot;razze inferiori&quot; da sottomettere e utilizzare come manodopera servile. Fu una posizione ideologica che determinò in buona parte l'esito disastroso della Seconda Guerra Mondiale per chi si fece portatore non dell'indipendenza e unità dell'Eurasia, bensì di una visione razziale che comportava l'antagonismo tra gli Europei; una posizione condannata &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;peraltro proprio dalla scuola geopolitica germanica di Haushofer, il quale vedeva giustamente&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;nelle potenze talassocratiche anglofone il vero nemico comune di Tedeschi, Russi, Giapponesi:&lt;/span&gt; di tutta l'Eurasia, ad occidente come ad oriente.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nord-Sud, Est-Ovest&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I termini che Dugin pone in contrapposizione, oriente ed occidente, necessitano di un'ulteriore precisazione. Occidente non è una caratterizzazione geografica, più di quanto non lo sia oriente. L'occidente dell'America è l'Asia, la quale, a sua volta, ha nel continente americano il proprio oriente.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;In realtà oggi &quot;Occidente&quot; e &quot;Oriente&quot; (ma, soprattutto dopo la fine del sistema dei blocchi&lt;/span&gt; contrapposti, &quot;il Nord e il Sud del mondo&quot;) sono designazioni economiche, politiche, sociali &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.55pt;&quot;&gt;di quelle potenze che rappresentano la parte industrialmente, finanziariamente e&lt;/span&gt; tecnologicamente avanzata del globo. E &quot;G8&quot;, gli otto &quot;grandi&quot;, è il club esclusivo che li raccoglie. Il Giappone è &quot;Occidente&quot; allo stesso titolo di USA e UE. La Cina si avvia a divenirlo, come la Russia che già lo è.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt;Allora, se ancora di Occidente ed Oriente si può e si deve parlare, &lt;em&gt;la linea di demarcazione&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.2pt;&quot;&gt;deve essere posta trai due emisferi,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.2pt;&quot;&gt;tra le due masse continentali separate dai grandi oceani:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;l'Occidente per antonomasia, la terra dell'occaso, del tramonto, la Terra Verde della morte è&lt;/span&gt; l'America, il Mondo &quot;Nuovo&quot; della fine del ciclo.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: #030b0d;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;L'Oriente, o meglio il Mondo Antico, il mondo della Tradizione, sarà allora l'Europa, &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;l'Asia, l'Africa; l'Eurasia in particolare, cioè l'intera Europa con la Russia e la Siberia, sarà la&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;terra dell'alba radiosa di un nuovo cielo, ma anche la terra dell'origine dei popoli indoeuropei,&lt;/span&gt; la terra degli avi iperborei. Uno spazio vitale strategico peri destini mondiali, da riscoprire ritornando all'origine polare delle stirpi arie che, millenni e millenni or sono, la catastrofe &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;climatica disperse dalla sede originaria del nord, verso est, sud, ovest, come semenze di quelle&lt;/span&gt; grandi civiltà che hanno fatto la storia e modellato la geografia del mondo antico. In questo contesto e solo in esso allora le collocazioni geografiche si armonizzano perfettamente con quelle della geografia sacra, della morfologia della storia, della tradizione ciclica, ma anche con la lotta di liberazione dell'intero continente dalla morsa mortale in cui lo costringe il blocco marittimo della talassocrazia imperialista USA.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: #030b0d;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: #030b0d;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #030b0d;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Un mondo multipolare&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;Certo non ci nasconderemo che Europa, Russia, Asia hanno anche notevoli differenze tra&lt;/span&gt; loro. Lo ribadiamo: le civiltà d'Eurasia, pur traendo linfa vitale dall'unica matrice d'origine, &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;hanno sviluppato nei secoli caratteristiche specifiche proprie: lingue, culture, legislazioni, arti&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.2pt;&quot;&gt;e mestieri, fedi religiose, costumi e stili di vita, modelli di governo differenziati. È una ricchezza&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;nella differenza, nella diversità, che rappresenta ora, alla fine dei tempi, il patrimonio forse più&lt;/span&gt; importante della nostra Eurasia, minacciata mortalmente dal monoculturalismo americano, &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;da quell'American &lt;em&gt;way of life&lt;/em&gt; che i selvaggi senza radici (le recisero approdando nel &quot;Nuovo Mondo&quot;, nella &quot;Seconda Israele&quot;) hanno imposto a tutti i popoli vinti e sottomessi o (quando&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;fosse impossibile piegarli) sterminati. Il genocidio dopo l'etnocidio. Il più grande sterminio di&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;massa dell'umanità: i 15 milioni di nativi amerindi trucidati dai &quot;colonizzatori&quot; yankee. Tutto&lt;/span&gt; questo come necessaria premessa per l'edificazione del loro Nuovo Ordine Mondiale, del Governo Unico Planetario, con sede ovviamente a Washington-Boston-New York, in attesa di esser portato a Sion!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Gli eurasiatisti difendono logicamente il principio della multipolarità, opponendosi al mondialismo unipolare imposto dagli atlantisti. Come poli di questo nuovo mondo, non vi saranno più gli Stati tradizionali, ma un gran numero di nuove formazioni culturalmente integrate ('grandi aree'), unite in 'archi geoeconomici' ('zone geo-economiche')&quot;. Parole &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;sacrosante di Dugin nel III capitolo del saggio intitolato &lt;em&gt;La visione eurasiatista. Principi di&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;em style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;base della piattaforma dottrinale eurasiatista&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Da discutere semmai, in termini geografici e storici, quindi geopolitici, sono proprio gli spazi privilegiati di queste grandi aree integrate. Geopoliticamente parlando, è indubbio che per Eurasia si debba intendere in primo luogo l'integrazione della grande pianura eurasiatica settentrionale dal canale della Manica allo stretto di Bering. Attorno a questo spazio vitale imperiale europeo, si affiancano in strati orizzontali successivi le altre realtà geopolitiche &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;d'Asia e Africa, quelle sopra descritte, nel senso dei paralleli. L'Eurasia Unita sarà la garante&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt;della libertà, dell' indipendenza, dell' identità di queste altre realtà, di questi spazi vitali affiancati,&lt;/span&gt; contro l'egemonismo talassocratico delle stelle e strisce.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;America o Americhe?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ancor più. Bisognerà garantire che nei secoli futuri l'imperialismo mondialista dei fondamentalisti biblici della &quot;Seconda Israele&quot; non rialzi la testa e riprenda forza. Una forza che fin dall'inizio trasse energie, risorse, ricchezza dallo sfruttamento di tutto il resto del&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.2pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;continente americano a sud del Rio Grande&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;L’America Latina, centrale-caraibica e meridionale,&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;ha una propria storia, una propria cultura, un proprio spazio geopolitico e geoeconomico, che&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.2pt;&quot;&gt;può svilupparsi liberamente e fruttuosamente solo se svincolato dal gigante a nord.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; Al contrario,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;oggi il pericolo più grande è che il NAFTA possa conglobare, oltre al Messico, tutto il Centro&lt;/span&gt; America e l'altra metà del continente.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Già nei tempi precolombiani le culture autoctone si erano completamente differenziate, &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;pur traendo tutte origine dalle migrazioni siberiane, avvenute attraverso lo stretto di Bering tra&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;i 40.000 e i 10.000 anni fa. Ma mentre nelle vaste pianure del Nord America i cacciatori nomadi seguivano i branchi di bisonti, divisi in tribù, con uno stile di vita e riti non molto &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;dissimili da quelli dei cacciatori siberiani cultori dello sciamanesimo, nell'America Centrale e&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;Meridionale fiorivano raffinate civiltà di coltivatori-allevatori, imponenti insediamenti urbani,&lt;/span&gt; religioni che riuscirono ad elaborare straordinari calendari con l'accurata osservazione &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;astronomica, pittura, architettura, scultura, scienza, medicina che non temevano di rivaleggiare&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;con le più avanzate civiltà d'Eurasia. Con la scoperta dell'America da parte di Colombo e con&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;le successive invasioni europee (inglesi, francesi, olandesi a nord, ispano-lusitani al centro e al&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;sud), le differenze si sono accentuate. Infatti, nonostante stragi, distruzioni culturali, malattie,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;schiavismo, imposizione della nuova religione, nella parte latina delle Americhe le popolazioni autoctone sono sopravvissute allo sterminio; nei nuovi stati, prima coloniali e poi nazionali, si&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;sono venute a trovare in una posizione subordinata, a volte integrandosi e mischiandosi agli Europei. Dal Chiapas al Perù, dal Centro America alla Bolivia, passando per il Venezuela di&lt;/span&gt; Chavez, gli eredi degli antichi imperi meso-americani e andini oggi tornano alla ribalta, riprendono in mano le redini del proprio destino e, spesso, sono i più strenui difensori della &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;diversità culturale latino-indio-americana contro l' influenza dei &lt;em&gt;gringos&lt;/em&gt; nordisti e l'invadenza&lt;/span&gt; distruttiva delle loro multinazionali.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Vediamo dunque distintamente come l'America, diversamente dall'Eurasia e dall'Africa &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;settentrionale, sia un &quot;continente verticale&quot;. Da Nord a Sud, dallo stretto di Bering alla Terra&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;del Fuoco, oltre diecimila anni or sono scesero le popolazioni siberiane: gli &lt;em&gt;&quot;indiani&quot;,&lt;/em&gt; i nativi&lt;/span&gt; americani poi sopraffatti e sterminati dall'invasione marittima da occidente. A loro volta gli Stati Uniti estenderanno la conquista ed egemonia da nord a sud: in Messico, nei Carabi e nell'America Centrale (il &quot;cortile di casa&quot; degli &lt;em&gt;yankee),&lt;/em&gt; giù fino all'America meridionale, &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;alla punta del Cile e all'Argentina. Dove peraltro, a smentire la Dottrina Monroe dell&quot;'America&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;agli Americani&quot;, l'&lt;em&gt;Union Jack&lt;/em&gt; sventola ancora sulle Isole Malvinas argentine, anche grazie&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;all'appoggio USA ai cugini inglesi. E dopo la conquista delle Americhe, seguendole indicazioni&lt;/span&gt; geopolitiche di Mahan gli Stati Uniti si lanciarono sul Pacifico e verso le coste dell'Asia. &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;(Alfred Thayer Mahan, &lt;em&gt;L'influenza del potere marittimo sulla storia. 1660-1783,&lt;/em&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Ufficio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Storico della Marina Militare, Roma, 1994).&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dunque due &quot;sensi&quot;, due direzioni opposte per le masse continentali dei due emisferi, rappresentanti ciascuno una diversa visione del mondo, ed assunti oggi a simboli dell'eterno scontro fra la Terra e il Mare, fra tellurocrazia e talassocrazia, ma anche tra mondo della &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;tradizione e mondo moderno, tra identità dei popoli della terra e globalizzazione mondialista.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.6pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;Ambigua quindi, quando non falsa e fuorviante, la distinzione tra Oriente ed&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;Occidente. A questa caratterizzazione delle forze in campo tra Est e Ovest, possiamo aggiungere &lt;em&gt;anche&lt;/em&gt; la suddivisione del pianeta in sfere d'influenza &quot;verticali&quot;, praticamente da Polo a Polo: vi fa riferimento lo stesso Dugin sia nell' articolo sul primo numero di &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;&quot;Eurasia&quot; &lt;em&gt;(L'idea eurasiatista),&lt;/em&gt; sia in altri scritti più o meno recenti, come quelli raccolti&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.45pt;&quot;&gt;e pubblicati in Italia dalle edizioni Nuove Idee, nel volume dal titolo &lt;em&gt;Eurasia. La&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;em&gt;rivoluzione conservatrice in Russia.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Geopolitica &quot;orizzontale&quot; e geopolitica &quot;verticale&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;E qui veniamo ad affrontare il nodo centrale di queste chiose ai recenti articoli di Dugin, i quali potrebbero apparire come uno spostamento di prospettiva rispetto alle posizioni espresse dallo stesso autore dieci e più anni or sono, cioè al tempo del traumatico crollo dell'impero rosso, di cui Dugin (geopolitico moscovita di formazione tradizionale e traduttore di Evola) aveva ben compreso con largo anticipo l'irreversibile crisi.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;Nell'articolo su &quot;Eurasia&quot; Dugin considera un ventaglio di possibilità per la realizzazione&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot;&gt;dell' &quot;idea eurasiatista&quot; dal punto di vista di Mosca, in particolare prospettando &quot;l'Eurasia&lt;/span&gt; [dei] tre grandi spazi vitali, integrati &lt;em&gt;secondo la latitudine&quot;:&lt;/em&gt; &quot;tre cinture eurasiatiche&quot; che si distendono in verticale sui continenti seguendone le meridiane. Ovviamente il nostro autore &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;aveva premesso un &quot;vettore orizzontale dell'integrazione, seguito da una direttrice verticale&quot;;&lt;/span&gt; ma indubbiamente la seconda prospettiva sembra quella prevalente nel pensiero attuale di &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;Dugin e, probabilmente, in quello degli strateghi dell'era Putin. Proprio nella pagina seguente&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;si afferma a chiare lettere che &quot;La struttura del mondo basata su zone meridiane è accettata dai&lt;/span&gt; maggiori geopolitici americani che mirano alla creazione del Nuovo Ordine Mondiale e alla globalizzazione unipolare&quot; (!) L'unico &quot;punto d'inciampo&quot; sarebbe semmai rappresentato proprio dall'esistenza o meno di uno spazio geopolitico verticale, &quot;meridiano&quot;, della Russia in Asia centrale, con la diramazione di tre assi principali: Mosca-Teheran, Mosca-Delhi, Mosca-Ankara. In quanto all'altro emisfero, l'egemonia USA, seguendo in questo caso la naturale disposizione geografica del continente (o due continenti, nord e sudamericano?) sarebbe assicurata dal Canada a Capo Horn. Proprio come recita la famigerata Dottrina Monroe: &quot;l'America agli Americani&quot;, sottintendendo ovviamente ai nord-americani, i WASP statunitensi con il contorno di immigrati e neri integrati. L'attuale Amministrazione Bush è un tipico spaccato di questo assunto. Con l'aggiunta, semmai, che agli Americani del nord spetta sì tutta l' America, ma anche... il resto del mondo.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I loro geopolitici, passati e presenti, conoscono bene infatti la lezione mackinderiana sull'HeartIand, sul suo controllo per il dominio dell' intera Eurasia e quindi dell’&quot;Isola del Mondo&quot; e quindi delle &quot;fasce marginali&quot; (vedi lezione Afghanistan). In sintesi da Alfred T. Mahan a Spykman, passando per Mackinder, fino ai contemporanei Brzezinski, Huntington e ai vari neo-cons della lobby ebraico-sionista militante in Usa: i Perle, i Pipes, i Wolfowitz, i Cheney, i Kagan, i Kaplan, i Kristol, ma anche Ledeen e il e il vecchio Kissinger, pur con qualche differenza, e tanti altri. Consigliamo in proposito la lettura de &lt;em style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;I nuovi rivoluzionari. Il pensiero dei neoconservatori americani&lt;/em&gt;, a cura di Jim Lobe e Adele Oliveri (Feltrinelli, Milano, 2003).&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Anche la suddivisione per sfere d'influenza verticale non è certo nuova, né tanto meno inventata da Dugin. Risale pari pari al grande padre della geopolitica tedesca ed europea, Karl Haushofer ed alle sue &lt;em style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;panidee&lt;/em&gt;: la Pan-America con guida USA, l'Eurafrica centrata sul III Reich &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;con l'aggiunta del Vicino Oriente, la Pan-Russia estesa fino allo sbocco all'Oceano Indiano attraverso Iran e India, ma priva dello sbocco siberiano al Pacifico settentrionale, assegnato dal geopolitico monacense alla sfera di Coprosperità Asiatica ovviamente a guida nipponica.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La suddivisione duginiana segue lo stesso schema, ma con le modifiche dovute alla &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.2pt;&quot;&gt;situazione politica internazionale attuale: la Pan-Eurasia a guida russa comprende tutti i territori ex-sovietici, il Vicino Oriente, l'Iran, il Pakistan, l'India, ma anche la Siberia fino a Vladivostok.&lt;/span&gt; La zona asiatica vera e propria si incentra oggi su Pechino. L'area americana comprende anche Islanda e isole britanniche (ma non la Groenlandia!) ecc...&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;Tanto per cominciare la suddivisione di Karl Haushofer è completamente superata, essendo&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;propria ad un preciso periodo storico, cioè quello della Seconda Guerra Mondiale e del colonialismo europeo in Africa. Anche perché, in termini di geopolitica propriamente detta, l'Africa non è un' unità geopolitica unica, ma comprende almeno tre distinte unità. Il Nord-&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt;Africa, col Magreb, fa parte della più vasta unità geopolitica del Mediterraneo, di cui rappresenta&lt;/span&gt; la sponda sud. Poi c'è la vastissima fascia desertica del Sahara-Sahel, che rappresentala vera divisione, il &quot;mare di sabbia&quot; &lt;em&gt;navigato&lt;/em&gt; soltanto dalle carovane di mercanti che importavano &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;sale, spezie, schiavi. Infine, a sud, I'&quot;Africa Nera&quot;, a sua volta composta di varie sottodivisioni.&lt;/span&gt; Come il cosiddetto &quot;Corno d' Africa&quot;, una realtà sia geopolitica che etnica a sé stante.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Anche l'Asia odierna ha ben poco a che vedere con quella che Haushofer conosceva e tanto ammirava: specialmente il Giappone, o per dir meglio l'Impero Nipponico, oggi ridotto &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;al rango di vassallo americano e base delle truppe, delle navi, dei missili USA puntati contro le&lt;/span&gt; coste orientali dell'Eurasia. L'Iran della Rivoluzione Islamica dell'Imam Khomeini ha &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;rimescolato le carte di tutto il Vicino Oriente, dove, dal 1948, si &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;è&lt;/span&gt;installato lo stato sionista di&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt;Israele, fidato baluardo invalicabile dell' imperialismo americano; piazzato proprio nel baricentro&lt;/span&gt; della massa eurasiatico-africana, a ridosso delle sue vie marittime interne, esso taglia a metà l'&lt;em&gt;Umma&lt;/em&gt; islamica e la &quot;Mezzaluna Fertile&quot; del sistema potamico irriguo (Delta del Nilo ­- Giordano/Mar Morto - Tigri Eufrate).&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.2pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;Chi pensa che possa un domani esistere un &quot;sionismo filo-eurasiatista&quot; non ha evidentemente&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;molto chiara la storia, la geografia e la stessa visione religioso-messianica che ha permesso all'entità sionista di installarsi proprio in quelle terre geostrategicamente così decisive per il &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;controllo dell'intera massa eurasiatica e africana. Gli ebrei russi della diaspora tornati in Israele&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.2pt;&quot;&gt;non sono russi: sono ebrei e israeliani a tutti gli effetti, e la Russia è il loro nemico storico, forse&lt;/span&gt; ancor più della Germania oramai domata.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;È singolare poi, che parlando di Asia e di &quot;sfere d'influenza e/o cooperazione&quot; si tenda &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;spesso a sminuire se non addirittura ignorare il ruolo decisivo della Cina. La storia da secoli e&lt;/span&gt; la geografia da sempre hanno delimitato lo spazio vitale del colosso asiatico (come anche è il caso dell' India). Russia e Cina sono destinate ad una stretta collaborazione che si basi sulla non ingerenza nelle rispettive sfere di appartenenza e nel riconoscimento di quella altrui.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;È nell'interesse dell'imperialismo egemone statunitense metterei due colossi d'Asia l'uno &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;contro l'altro; suo massimo danno è vederli alleati. Interesse della Russia è appoggiare la Cina&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.3pt;&quot;&gt;nelle sue naturali rivendicazioni territoriali, a cominciare da Taiwan; ciò aprirebbe a Pechino&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;lo sbocco al l'Oceano Pacifico, in aperta competizione con la talassocrazia USA in uno spazio marittimo che Washington considera un &quot;lago americano&quot;, essendo propria di ogni potenza di&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; questo tipo la spinta ad occupare entrambe le coste marittime su cui si affaccia.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Eurasia unita e lotta di liberazione&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Alle &lt;em&gt;pan-idee&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;&quot;verticali&quot; haushoferiane, che interpretate alla luce dell'assetto internazionale&lt;/span&gt; attuale, assumono oggi vago sapore neocolonialista (l'esatto contrario delle posizioni &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.25pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;anticoloniali del padre della geopolitica tedesca), noi sostituiamo la visione di una collaborazione&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;paritaria e integrata fra realtà geopolitiche omogenee &lt;em&gt;disposte a fasce orizzontali in Eurasia&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;ed Africa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.25pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;Tale politica non esclude, ma semmai la allarga, la prospettiva dughiniana delle aree integrate&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;verticali; essa infatti favorisce la creazione di una potenza &quot;terrestre&quot;, quella nata dal l'unione&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;di Europa e Federazione Russa, che allargherebbe al mondo la sua politica estera di &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;collaborazione. Ciò permetterebbe a tutto il &quot;Terzo Mondo&quot; di sottrarsi al ricatto economico&lt;/span&gt; e finanziario nordamericano, riconoscendo nella grande potenza del Nord-Eurasia lo stato guida della lotta di liberazione mondiale &lt;em&gt;antimondalista,&lt;/em&gt; la potenza veramente capace di contrastare l'egemonismo USA su tutte le aree geopolitiche della massa eurasiatica, delle &quot;Afriche&quot; e delle &quot;Americhe&quot;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;A conclusione di queste brevi chiose all'intervento di Dugin, il cui contributo alla dottrina geopolitica e alla lotta di liberazione eurasiatica resta fondamentale, vogliamo riall&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;acciarci&lt;/span&gt;alle&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;stesse conclusioni del suo saggio &lt;em&gt;L'idea eurasiatista.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La nuova &lt;em&gt;Weltanschauung&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;L'eurasiatismo è una &lt;em&gt;Weltanschauung&lt;/em&gt; (ecco il vero Dugin, formatosi alla cultura mitteleuropea!), una visione del mondo onnicomprensiva che, avendo come priorità la società &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.55pt;&quot;&gt;tradizionale, &quot;riconosce l'imperativo della modernizzazione tecnica e sociale&quot;. Il&lt;/span&gt; postmodernismo eurasiatico &quot;promuove un'alleanza di tradizione e modernità come impulso &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;energetico, costruttivo, ottimistico verso la creatività e la crescita&quot;. Come filosofia &quot;aperta&quot;, &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.2pt;&quot;&gt;l'eurasiatismo non potrà esser dogmatico e certo sarà differenziato nelle varie versioni nazionali:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;&quot;Tuttavia, la struttura principale della filosofia rimarrà invariata&quot;. I valori della tradizione, il&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.2pt;&quot;&gt;differenzialismo e pluralismo contro il monoculturalismo ideologizzante del liberal-capitalismo;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt;la difesa delle culture, dei diritti delle nazioni e dei popoli, contro l'oro e l'egemonia neocoloniale&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;del ricco Nord del mondo. &quot;Equità sociale e solidarietà umana contro lo sfruttamento dell'uomo&lt;/span&gt; sull'uomo&quot;. Verrebbe quasi da dire: il sangue (e il suolo) contro l'oro&quot;!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;Certo, la Terra contro il Mare: la terra degli avi contro il mare indifferenziato eppur sempre&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;mutevole, percorso da moderni pirati, eredi di quei &quot;corsari&quot;, che erano dotati dalla corona inglese di &quot;lettere di corsa&quot; per depredare ed uccidere in nome e a maggior gloria di Sua Maestà Britannica. Pirati odierni in giacca e cravatta, che con un tratto di penna fanno la fortuna o la disgrazia di popoli e continenti. E per chi non si piega alla logica del &quot;libero mercato&quot; imposta dalla moderna pirateria finanziaria internazionale, restano sempre gli &quot;interventi umanitari&quot;, le &quot;missioni di... pace (eterna), i &quot;missili intelligenti&quot;. Come in Serbia, come in Afghanistan, come in Iraq, come ieri in Corea o in Vietnam, a Cuba, in America Latina, in Africa e ancor prima in Europa, in Giappone, ovunque. Forse domani in Iran, in Siria, in Sudan, di nuovo in Corea. Forse anche in Russia e in Cina.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;Intanto le &quot;rivoluzioni di velluto&quot; sono arrivate a Kiev e a Tiblisi, circondando la Russia,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;insidiando la Cina, sottomettendo il Vicino Oriente, dove il progetto del &quot;Grande Israele&quot; è quasi cosa fatta. La Terza Guerra Mondiale (la quarta dopo quella &quot;fredda&quot;, anch'essa vinta &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;dagli Stati Uniti) è già cominciata, è in atto. Se dobbiamo porre una data ufficiale, scegliamo&lt;/span&gt; senza dubbio l'11 settembre 2001, il giorno in cui l'Amministrazione Bush ha ottenuto (sapremo mai come?) la sua Pearl Harbour, il suo 7 dicembre '41, cioè la giustificazione per un'aggressione mondiale preordinata nei mesi ed anni precedenti, specie approfittando del crollo dell'URSS di dieci anni prima. Proprio con l'Afghanistan come primo obiettivo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La Russia è stata ingannata e condotta a collaborare con il suo nemico mortale sulla comune piattaforma della &quot;lotta al terrorismo islamico&quot;; è stata inchiodata alla guerra cecena, con il suo strascico di errori ed orrori da entrambe le parti, mentre la superpotenza USA si assicurava posizioni strategiche decisive nel cuore d'Eurasia.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: 'Bookman Old Style';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tsunami America&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style','serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Bookman Old Style';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La talassocrazia americana opera come un devastante &lt;em&gt;tsunami!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;L'onda della potenza marittima nordamericana invade la terra in profondità e distrugge tutto quel che trova sul suo cammino: uomini, società, economie, culture, identità, storia, coscienza geopolitica, fedi, civiltà.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;Dove passa, è morte, fame, distruzione, miseria, lacrime e sangue. &lt;span style=&quot;mso-font-width: 103%;&quot;&gt;È&lt;/span&gt; il Diluvio Universale&lt;/span&gt; del terzo millennio dell'Era Volgare.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ma l'Eurasia è grande, troppo estesa e popolata anche per questo Leviatano moderno. E &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;l'Eurasia propriamente detta, col suo retroterra logistico siberiano, &lt;em&gt;l'Heartland&lt;/em&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;di mackinderiana&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;memoria è ancora abbastanza vasta e potenzialmente ricca in materie e uomini per resistere e&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;respingere l'attacco del &lt;em&gt;Rimland&lt;/em&gt; occupato dall'invasione marittima.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: #080c0c; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: #080c0c; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La volontà e la via&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cosa manca allora a tutt'oggi ?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;La volontà, solo la volontà, nient'altro che la volontà. La volontà che è potere, che è fare,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;è&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;quindi agire nello spazio vitale geopolitico assegnato dalla natura e dalla storia. La volontà&lt;/span&gt; di &lt;em&gt;élites&lt;/em&gt; dirigenti rivoluzionarie d'Eurasia che, puntandolo sguardo ben oltre i ristretti limiti del veteronazionalismo sciovinista, sappia raccogliere la bandiera delle lotte di liberazione &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;identitaria dei suoi popoli. Ma una simile volontà, scaturita da una fede indiscussa nei valori&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;tradizionali, deve alimentarsi di &lt;em&gt;una retta conoscenza dei fatti,&lt;/em&gt; della storia e della geografia,&lt;/span&gt; della geopolitica e delle sue leggi.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;L'eurasiatismo sarà allora la bandiera, la spada e il libro di questa lotta titanica e veramente&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt;decisiva per i destini del pianeta nei prossimi secoli. Eurasiatismo come liberazione e unificazione&lt;/span&gt; statuale, imperiale, dell'unità geopolitica euro-siberiana, da Reykjavik a Vladivostok. Eurasiatismo come sistema di alleanze e sfere di cooperazione con tutti gli altri &quot;spazi &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;geopoliticamente omogenei&quot; dell'Asia, dell'Africa, dell'America Latina. Quindi eurasiatismo&lt;/span&gt; come sacra alleanza di tutti gli sfruttati, di tutti i &quot;diseredati della terra&quot;, come li definiva l'Imam Khomeini, contro tutti gli sfruttatori e i depredatori mondialisti delle multinazionali. Contro i corruttori dei popoli, contro gli apolidi del capitale, gli &quot;eletti&quot;... da nessuno che preparano l'avvento del Nemico dell'Uomo, la catastrofe dell'Armageddon, che pure &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;&quot;&gt;li&lt;/span&gt; travolgerà. Eurasiatismo infine come contrapposizione, lotta senza quartiere tra civiltà e civilizzazione, tradizione e mondo moderno, terra e mare, imperium e imperialismo, comunitarismo e liberal-capitalismo.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;Se un giorno la Russia (attraverso le sue &lt;em&gt;élites&lt;/em&gt; politiche, militari, culturali, economiche e&lt;/span&gt; spirituali) saprà riconoscere il proprio ruolo guida, tradizionale e rivoluzionario, in questo &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt;&quot;scontro dei continenti&quot;, lo dovrà essenzialmente ad una piena comprensione della geopolitica,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;dell'eurasiatismo, della &lt;em&gt;Weltanschauung&lt;/em&gt; che esso rappresenta. E lo dovrà in massima parte a Dugin e a tutti quei geopolitica d'Eurasia che seppero indicare la via sulla quale indirizzare la&lt;/span&gt; volontà.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;!--     &lt;rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#&quot;        xmlns:dc=&quot;http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/&quot;       xmlns:trackback=&quot;http://madskills.com/public/xml/rss/module/trackback/&quot;&gt; &lt;rdf:Description rdf:about=&quot;http://eurasiaunita.splinder.com/post/18292880&quot;       dc:identifier=&quot;http://eurasiaunita.splinder.com/post/18292880&quot;       dc:title=&quot;EUROPA-RUSSIA-EURASIA: Una geopolitica &amp;quot;orizzontale&amp;quot;&quot;       dc:subject=&quot;geopolitica,carlo_terracciano&quot;       trackback:ping=&quot;http://www.splinder.com/trackback/18292880&quot; /&gt; &lt;/rdf:RDF&gt; --&gt;
</description>
</item>
<item>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/archive/2009/09/28/c7c2f7984bf670a784245ed7f05b171a.html</guid>
<title>La conexion de las cuencas hidrograficas de Suramérica</title>
<link>http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/archive/2009/09/28/c7c2f7984bf670a784245ed7f05b171a.html</link>
<author>noreply@hautetfort.com (Ratatosk)</author>
<category>Géopolitique</category>
<pubDate>Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:20:00 +0200</pubDate>
<description>
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;img name=&quot;media-2004973&quot; src=&quot;http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/media/02/00/387602852.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;orinoco_mit_vektordaten.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-width: 0; margin: 0.7em 0;&quot; id=&quot;media-2004973&quot; /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;La conexión de las cuencas hidrográficas de Suramérica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Alberto Buela (*)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;La navegación fluvial del Plata al Guaria es el eje más genuino de la integración suramericana el resto &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;sono parole.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Sostiene muy bien el geopolitólogo belga Robert Steuckers que &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;“ningún poder serio puede sobrevivir sin una dominación y una sujeción de la tierra y del espacio”.&lt;a name=&quot;_ftnref1&quot; href=&quot;http://www.hautetfort.com/admin/posts/#_ftn1&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;Todos los imperios antiguos organizaron la tierra mediante la construcción de carreteras como en el caso de Roma o mediante el control de los grandes ríos navegables como Egipto o China.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Si nosotros en Suramérica pretendemos constituir un gran espacio autocentrado con características de soberano y libre, debemos llevarnos de este consejo que nos viene dado por la historia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;Este subcontinente americano tiene una extensión de casi 18 millones de kilómetros cuadrados, el doble de los Estados Unidos así como el doble de Europa, posee, aparte de otras menores, tres grandes cuencas fluviales: la del río Amazonas (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;6.430.000 km&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;.2), la del río de&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;la Plata&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;4.000.000 km&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;.2) y la del río Orinoco (1 millón km.2), que cubren dos tercios de su territorio y que forman una nutrida red de&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;50.000 km&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;de vías navegables de grandes y pequeños cursos de agua que se extienden por toda América del Sur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Así pues el tema de la vinculación por vía fluvial desde el Plata en Argentina-Uruguay al Guaria en Venezuela es un asunto de crucial valoración geopolítica y estratégica. Hablando con propiedad es un tema de metapolítica, por ser esta la interdisciplina que estudia las grandes categorías que condicionan la acción política.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Antecedentes históricos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;El estudio del tema se viene arrastrando desde hace varios siglos y hasta ahora no ha pasado de buenas intenciones.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;El primer antecedente que encontramos es en 1773 cuando el gobernador del Matto Grosso, Luiz de Cáceres, pensó construir un canal entre los ríos Alegre, afluente del Guaporé de la cuenca amazónica y el Aguapey, afluente del Paraguay de la cuenca del Plata. En esa estela sigue el Barón de Melgaço en 1851.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;El primer estudio experimental lo encontramos en el geógrafo inglés&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; William Chandless: &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Resumo do intinerario da descida do Topajoz en octubre de 1854,&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Notas&lt;/i&gt;, Río de Janeiro 1868) donde va a mostrar que en el descenso del río Topajoz viajando desde su desembocadura en el Amazonas se puede navegar hasta el Juruena que termina vinculado en las nacientes del Guaporé. Se busca el acceso al Amazonas por el este pero sin resolver el tema de la vinculación de las dos cuencas. Este trabajo es profundizado en Brasil por los ingenieros José de Moraes en 1869 con su “Plan Moraes” de navegación del Plata al Orinoco y luego por el ingeniero Andre Rebousas en 1874. Es de destacar que los estudios brasileños sobre la interconexión de las tres cuencas son de una precisión y detalle exquisitos y además son muchos trabajos, pero ninguno, absolutamente ninguno provocó ni un solo movimiento de tierra. Esta es la queja del gran estudioso brasileño del tema en el siglo XX don Paulo Mendes da Rocha.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;El otro antecedente ilustre es el de presidente Sarmiento que hizo estudiar a un grupo de científicos franceses la posibilidad navegar sin interrupción desde la desembocadura del Río de&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;la Plata&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;hasta la del Orinoco. Algo que había ya expuesto en 1850 en su libro Argirópolis o la capital de los Estados Confederados del Río de&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;la Plata&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;, cuyo emplazamiento estaría en&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;la Isla&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;Martín&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;García en el estuario del río de&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;la Plata.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Cincuenta años después, en 1909, el geógrafo uruguayo Luis Cincineto Bollo en su libro &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Suramérica, pasado y presente&lt;/i&gt; afirma que &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;“la futura gran ruta comercial de Sud América es el canal”&lt;/i&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;y propone seguir la tesis de Chandless de unir la cuenca del Plata con la del Amazonas por el Topajoz y no por el Guaporé-Madeira.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;En 1916 aparece&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;la &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Carta&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;potomografica especial de America do Sul&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Francisco Jaguaribe de Matos, padre del gran sociólogo brasileño Helio Jaguaribe, quien indica las claras posibilidades de conexión entre los ríos Guaporé y Paraguay.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;Años después, en 1941,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;La Conferencia&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;regional de los países del Plata reunida en Montevideo recomendó, a propuesta de Argentina, a los Estados miembros continuar los estudios existentes sobre conexión de los tres grandes sistemas hidrográficos de América del Sur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Un año más tarde el ingeniero Ernesto Baldasarri dicta una conferencia titulada &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;La vinculación de las cuencas del Amazonas y del Plata &lt;a name=&quot;_ftnref2&quot; href=&quot;http://www.hautetfort.com/admin/posts/#_ftn2&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn2;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; donde expone que la vinculación entre las dos cuencas se puede realizar por dos caminos: por el este siguiendo los ríos Amazonas, Tapajoz, Juruena, Diamantino, Paraguay, Paraná, el Plata con un recorrido de 7.000 kms Y el otro por los ríos Amazonas, Madeira, Mamoré, Guaporé, Alegre, Aguapey, Jaurú, Paraguay, Paraná, el Plata con 8.500 kms de recorrido.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;En 1947 aparece un trabajo liminar por su detalle técnico y precisión conceptual el del geógrafo Horacio Gallart &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Cruzando&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;la América&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;del sur desde el río de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;la Plata&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;hasta el Orinoco, por vía fluvial &lt;a name=&quot;_ftnref3&quot; href=&quot;http://www.hautetfort.com/admin/posts/#_ftn3&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn3;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;y el mapa de la ruta fluvial suramericana propone es por los ríos Paraná, Paraguay, Jaurú, Aguapey (cuenca del Plata), Alegre, Guaporé, Mamoré, Madeira, Amazonas, Negro (cuenca del Amazonas), Casiquiare y Orinoco.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;Y en 1962 se publica el trabajo del ingeniero Gabriel del Mazo, historiador del radicalismo, legislador y publicista; ministro de defensa 58/59 titulado: &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Proyecto de un canal sudamericano &lt;a name=&quot;_ftnref4&quot; href=&quot;http://www.hautetfort.com/admin/posts/#_ftn4&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn4;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;[4]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; en donde&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; se ocupa de analizar la vinculación entre las tres cuencas estableciendo que con la construcción de un canal intermedio de&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;30 km&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;(entre las nacientes de los ríos Casiquiare y Negro) se salva la dificultad para vincular el Orinoco con el Amazonas y quedarían así vinculados y para conectar el Guaporé con el Paraguay, se deberá construir un canal de&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;8 km&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;. con una diferencia de altitud de&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;30 metros&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;, insignificante desnivel que divide las aguas de las dos más grandes cuencas hidrográficas de América del Sur: la del Amazonas y del Plata.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;Entre diciembre de 1979 y mayo de 1980&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;hermanos Georgescu, venezolanos de origen rumano, navegaron los ríos Orinoco, Casiquiare, Negro, Amazonas, Madeira, Mamoré, Guaporé, Paraguay, Paraná y de&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;la Plata&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;, hasta la ciudad de Buenos Aires, cumpliendo una travesía de más de&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;8.000 km&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;. Con ello demostraron prácticamente la existencia del eje fluvial norte - sur que permite la comunicación de las principales cuencas y las posibilidades que tienen los países de América del Sur de conectarse. El regreso por la misma vía se inició el 18 de enero de 1981.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Humanst521 BT&amp;quot;;&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Dificultades geográficas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Sabemos luego de los trabajos del ingeniero Ernesto Baldasarri que existen dos rutas para vincular el Amazonas y el Plata.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;La vía más frecuentada hasta el presente es aquella que recorrieron Roger Courteville&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;_ftnref5&quot; href=&quot;http://www.hautetfort.com/admin/posts/#_ftn5&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn5;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;[5]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;en los años 30 y los hermanos Georgescu a principio de los 80. La misma que recomendó el geógrafo Horacio Gallart y el ingeniero Gabriel del Mazo, la que va del Plata al Amazonas volcada al oeste por el Guaporé-Madeira.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;Existen acá dos dificultades muy simples de salvar. Navegando de sur a norte nos encontramos, en primer lugar, con la necesidad de la construcción de un canal de&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;8 km&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;que una los ríos Aguapey y Alegre que corren largo trecho en paralelo. El primero afluente del Jaurú que lo es a su vez del Paraguay y el segundo del Guaporé.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;La segunda dificultad la plantean las cachoeiras, cachuelas o pequeños saltos de agua sobre el río Madeira que surgen entre Guajará-Mirim y Porto Velho que en su conjunto significan un descenso de&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;66 metros&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;de las aguas del río, lo que exige la construcción de un sistema de represas, hoy con la tecnología existente de fácil y rápida realización.&lt;a name=&quot;_ftnref6&quot; href=&quot;http://www.hautetfort.com/admin/posts/#_ftn6&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn6;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;[6]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Finalmente la vinculación entre el Amazonas y el Orinoco no ofrece mayores dificultades salvo los rápidos o raudales Atures y Maypures del Casiquiare cuya navegación se hace en base a baqueanos o prácticos conocedores de toda la red de ríos adyacentes como lo atestiguan los hermanos Georgescu que lo navegaron de ida y de vuelta sin inconvenientes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_ftnref7&quot; href=&quot;http://www.hautetfort.com/admin/posts/#_ftn7&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn7;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;[7]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;La segunda vía es la propuesta por Cincineto Bollo que navegando de sur a norte va del Paraguay, al Diamantino, Juruena, Tapajoz para desembocar en el Amazonas. Parte de este largo viaje fue relatado magníficamente por el fotógrafo francés naturalizado brasileño Hécules Florence (1804-1879) en su libro &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Vingem fluvial: Do Tieté do Amazonas.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Afirma Gabriel del Mazo que: &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;A solo dos kilómetros al este de las fuentes del Paraguay nace el río Negro (Preto) afluente occidental del Arinos (Tapajoz). En esta zona donde laten y brotan las fuentes del Amazonas y del Plata existe el relato del dueño de una fazenda del Estivado (río afluente del Arinos) quien afirma que eventualmente unió el Amazonas y el Plata pues “se propuso regar su jardín” y cavó un canal entre dos de sus afluentes originarios”.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;_ftnref8&quot; href=&quot;http://www.hautetfort.com/admin/posts/#_ftn8&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn8;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;[8]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Vemos como esta vía no ofrece mayores dificultades geográficas por superar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Dificultades políticas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;La demora inconcebible luego de tres siglos de propuesta de un canal suramericano no encuentra otra explicación que las dificultades políticas que se han opuesto a su realización. Es &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;sabido luego de una larga historia de desencuentros que las estrategias de Argentina y Venezuela chocan con la del Brasil en este punto.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;Brasil desalienta la navegación del Plata al Amazonas porque ello supone abrirle el acceso de&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;la Amazonia&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;la Argentina.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Además&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;de las dos vías se encuentra descartada la propuesta por el geógrafo uruguayo Bollo, aquella que va a través del Tapajoz pues ello implica penetrar en el corazón mismo del Brasil. Esta es una dificultad política insalvable y entendible. Una potencia emergente como Brasil no puede permitir que barcos de Venezuela y Argentina transiten libremente por el centro estratégico de su territorio.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;Descartada esta posibilidad solo queda la vía del oeste que navega por ríos limítrofes del Brasil con Paraguay y con Bolivia, pero la resistencia también se siente. Pues la estrategia de Brasil como la de los Estados Unidos es salir al oeste y no extenderse de norte a sur, y el canal suramericano se inscribe en esta última estrategia. Brasil no tiene necesidad de navegar el Casiquiare para llegar al Guaira ni tiene necesidad de navegar el Guaporé para llegar al Plata.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;La Superintendencia&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;de Navegación interior del Brasil muestra oficialmente que la estrategia del país lusitano es buscar la integración del Brasil &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;por separado&lt;/i&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;con Perú y Bolivia por un lado, con Argentina, Paraguay y Uruguay por otro, con Ecuador, Colombia y Venezuela por otro. Esto hay que tenerlo en cuenta porque sino corremos el riesgo de caer en un utopismo voluntarista que solo nos lleva a producir ensayos sobre el tema. Hay que decirlo con todas las letras, la necesidad es de Argentina, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Perú y Bolivia que podrían sacar sus productos en grandes cantidades, en forma económica y no contaminante.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;La realización de este canal suramericano supone, antes que nada, persuadir y convencer a la &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;intelligensia&lt;/i&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;brasileña de Itamaraty de las ventajas que su realización puede acarrearle al Brasil&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;_ftnref9&quot; href=&quot;http://www.hautetfort.com/admin/posts/#_ftn9&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn9;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;[9]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;, de lo contrario seguiremos escribiendo ensayos sobre la conexión de las tres cuencas de América del Sur y leyendo amables diarios de viajes de los impenitentes viajeros europeos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_ftnref10&quot; href=&quot;http://www.hautetfort.com/admin/posts/#_ftn10&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn10;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;[10]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;(*) CeeS- Centro de estudios estratégicos suramericanos- UTN- Federación del Papel&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;alberto.buela@gmail.com&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;mso-element: footnote-list;&quot;&gt;&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot; /&gt; &lt;hr size=&quot;1&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot; align=&quot;left&quot; /&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot; id=&quot;ftn1&quot;&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_ftn1&quot; href=&quot;http://www.hautetfort.com/admin/posts/#_ftnref1&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Entrevista de Metamedia publicada en Geosur Nº 352-352, Montevideo, sep-oct 2009, p.16&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot; id=&quot;ftn2&quot;&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_ftn2&quot; href=&quot;http://www.hautetfort.com/admin/posts/#_ftnref2&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn2;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Publicada en la revista Ingeniería, publicación del Centro Argentino de Ingenieros, Buenos Aires, mayo de 1942 pp.285 a 293&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot; id=&quot;ftn3&quot;&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_ftn3&quot; href=&quot;http://www.hautetfort.com/admin/posts/#_ftnref3&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn3;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;En Revista de Geografía Americana, año XV, Buenos Aires, octubre de 1947&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot; id=&quot;ftn4&quot;&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_ftn4&quot; href=&quot;http://www.hautetfort.com/admin/posts/#_ftnref4&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn4;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;[4]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;Publicado, entre otros, en revista Estrategia Nº 61/62, Buenos Aires, enero-feb. 1980 pp.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;30 a&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;39&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot; id=&quot;ftn5&quot;&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 12pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_ftn5&quot; href=&quot;http://www.hautetfort.com/admin/posts/#_ftnref5&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn5;&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;5 &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;De Buenos Aires a l`Amazona par le centre de l´Amerique du Sud,&lt;/i&gt; revista “L´Ilustration”, Paris Nº 20, sep. 1930&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot; id=&quot;ftn6&quot;&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 12pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_ftn6&quot; href=&quot;http://www.hautetfort.com/admin/posts/#_ftnref6&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn6;&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;6 Sobre este tramo de la navegación es irremplazable el trabajo de Monseñor Federico Lunardi:&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;De Guajará-Mirim a Porto Velho&lt;/i&gt; en Revista de Geografía Americana N° 64, enero 1939&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot; id=&quot;ftn7&quot;&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_ftn7&quot; href=&quot;http://www.hautetfort.com/admin/posts/#_ftnref7&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn7;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;[7]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Los ríos de la integración suramericana,&lt;/i&gt; Universidad Simón Bolivar, Caracas, 1984&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot; id=&quot;ftn8&quot;&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_ftn8&quot; href=&quot;http://www.hautetfort.com/admin/posts/#_ftnref8&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn8;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;[8]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Del Mazo, Gabriel: op.cit. p.34&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot; id=&quot;ftn9&quot;&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_ftn9&quot; href=&quot;http://www.hautetfort.com/admin/posts/#_ftnref9&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn9;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;[9]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;Por ejemplo, se podría argumentar que si&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;la Hidrovía Paraguay-Paraná&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;conectara efectivamente Puerto Cáceres en Mato Grosso, con el de Nueva Palmira en Uruguay, la soja brasileña y paraguaya podría desembarcar en el exterior U$S 25 más barata, por tonelada, que la soja de EE.UU.. De igual forma, si&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;la Hidrovía&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;careciera de los obstáculos de dragado y balizamiento que hoy tiene, lo que actualmente se transporta en treinta días podría llegar a transportarse en un máximo de diez días.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot; id=&quot;ftn10&quot;&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_ftn10&quot; href=&quot;http://www.hautetfort.com/admin/posts/#_ftnref10&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn10;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;[10]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;Existe en italiano un viejo trabajo Giuseppe Puglisi:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;Dal Plata al Orinoco per via fluviale&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;, publicado en la revista &quot;Le Vie d'Italia e del Mondo&quot; (año I, Nos. 11 y 12), noviembre y diciembre de 1933.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;span xml:lang=&quot;ES&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
</description>
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<item>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/archive/2009/09/18/1.html</guid>
<title>Vers un Axe Berlin-Moscou?</title>
<link>http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/archive/2009/09/18/1.html</link>
<author>noreply@hautetfort.com (Ratatosk)</author>
<category>Géopolitique</category>
<pubDate>Sun, 27 Sep 2009 00:05:00 +0200</pubDate>
<description>
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Police2024; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/media/00/00/359526310.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;gerhard-schroder-459796.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-width: 0; margin: 0.7em 0;&quot; id=&quot;media-1986545&quot; /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ARCHIVES de SYNERGIES EUROPEENNES - 1995&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Police2024; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Vers un Axe Berlin-Moscou?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Même si leurs cultures et leurs évolutions historiques respectives ont été très différentes, la Russie et l'Allemagne ont depuis longtemps un point commun, celui de n'avoir qu'imparfaitement assimilé le modèle occidental moderne; face à celui-ci, les deux pays ont suivi des évolutions “anormales”, de formes et d'ampleurs très différentes. Au cours des deux siècles qui viennent de s'écouler, la conscience de soi dans ces deux pays a été confrontée à des phénomènes culturels et politiques dérivés d'une modernité qu'ils ont désirée ou refusée mais qui, dans tous les cas de figure, a germé dans des milieux substantiel­lement anglais ou français. Allemands et Russes ont donc perçu ces milieux comme fondamentalement étrangers à eux et les ont rejettés.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Ensuite, la différence entre l'Allemagne et la Russie est moindre qu'entre l'Allemagne et l'Occident sur les plans de la géopolitique et de la géoculture, si bien que l'on peut affirmer que les catégories intellectuelles élaborées par les Allemands pour répondre aux questions de l'identité nationale allemande peuvent être reprises et repensées sans problème majeur dans le contexte russe. Signalons notamment que, dès les slavophiles de la première génération, la pensée russe a fait sienne la nostalgie des conservateurs ro­mantiques allemands: une société traditionnelle, communautaire et organique qu'ils opposaient à la so­ciété moderne, mécanique, atomisée et désacralisée (c'est l'antinomie spenglérienne entre &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Kultur&lt;/i&gt; et &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Zivilisation,&lt;/i&gt; et celle de Tönnies entre la &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Gemeinschaft&lt;/i&gt; et la &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Gesellschaft&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;).&lt;/i&gt; Les difficultés à assimiler cette modernité occidentale ont débouché en Allemagne et en Russie sur l'affirmation de deux systèmes totali­taires, qui, quoique de signes opposés, étaient tous deux fondés sur le refus du modèle politico-culturel de l'Occident.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Le totalitarisme allemand a été battu militairement. Après cette défaite, la partie occidentale de l'Alle­ma­gne a connu une intégration rapide et sans heurts dans les communautés européennes et dans le systè­me occidental. Le totalitarisme russe, en revanche, s'est désintégré de l'intérieur, victime de son échec politique total. Aujourd'hui, ces deux pays&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; —l'Allemagne réunifiée et la nouvelle Russie postsovié­tique—&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; sont à la recherche d'une identité nouvelle, d'un nouveau rôle à jouer: le premier le cherche en Europe, le second dans tout l'espace eurasiatique. Tous deux suscitent de l'inquiétude: l'Allemagne parce que son poids politique commence à égaler son poids économique; la Russie parce qu'elle est en­core une très grande puissance militaire et qu'elle est géopolitiquement instable.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;En un certain sens, la montée en importance de l'une correspond au déclin de l'autre, du moins en Europe centrale et orientale. Mais ce processus ne semble pas induire de la conflictualité entre les deux pays, au contraire, on semble revenir à un meilleur équilibre dans leurs zones d'influence respectives. Depuis la dissolution de l'URSS et la chute du Mur de Berlin, les rapports germano-russes sont de plus en plus in­tenses parce qu'il y a désormais confluence objective de bon nombre de leurs intérêts géopolitiques et économiques.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Police2024; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;une européanisation sur un mode allemand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Du reste, même si l'Allemagne et la Russie se sont retrouvée chaque fois dans des camps opposés au cours des deux guerres mondiales, il serait erroné de penser que leurs consciences nationales se sont, sous la dictée des événements, pensées brusquement en opposition irréductible l'une à l'autre. En fait les deux guerres mondiales ont interrompu momentanément des processus de profonde interaction politique et culturelle entre les deux pays, comme on avait pu l'observer aux XVIIIième et XIXième siècles. Au cours de cette période la Russie s'est européanisée essentiellement sur un mode allemand et protestant (du point de vue russe, c'est là un mode “occidental”), a entretenu des rapports étroits&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; —y compris dy­nastiques—&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; avec le monde germanique et a maintenu un rapport de solide complicité avec la Prusse, autre puissance bénéficiaire de la partition de la Pologne. Les affrontements germano-russes pendant les suicides européens de 1914-18 et de 1939-45 et dans le conflit idéologique entre national-socialisme et communisme stalinien sont des exceptions et non pas la norme dans les rapports germano-russes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Police2024; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;anti-occidentalisme et germanophilie&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;On ne sera dès lors pas surpris d'apprendre que dans les milieux nationalistes russes actuels les posi­tions anti-occidentales s'accompagnent souvent de fortes tendances germanophiles. On peut l'observer par exemple dans le programme géopolitique énoncé par Jirinovski, personnage qui, malgré ses écarts verbaux, n'est pas aussi confus et velléitaire qu'on pourrait le croire à première vue (1). Ses incohérences et ses improvisations ne doivent pas nous empêcher de discerner chez lui un programme géopolitique suffisamment clair, où il pose la Russie comme opposée à la Chine et au monde islamique (surtout turc), et envisage de s'allier en Europe avec l'Allemagne, à l'égard de laquelle Jirinovski&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; —comme beaucoup de Russes d'hier et d'aujourd'hui—&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; nourrit des sentiments complexes, où se mêlent la peur et l'admiration. Le projet de Jirinovski semble reprendre quelques-uns des points essentiels du Pacte Molotov-Ribbentrop d'août 1939, notamment ceux qui impliquent un partage entre l'Allemagne et la Russie de l'Europe centrale et orientale: division de la Pologne, absorption de l'Autriche, de la République Tchèque et de la Slovénie par l'Allemagne, des républiques baltes, de l'Ukraine, de la Biélorussie et de la Moldavie par la Russie (2).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;En d'autres occasions, Jirinovski semble songer non pas à une partition pure et simple de ces territoires, mais à des zones d'influence bien définies. Quoi qu'il en soit, le “projet” nationaliste et panslaviste de Jirinovski tente de récréer, de concert avec l'Allemagne, les solides liens économiques et culturels qui, pendant deux siècles, avaient contribué au développement de la Russie; de cette façon, il reprend à son compte&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; —et très clairement—&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; la ligne de la politique impériale pré-révolutionnaire.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Police2024; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;«Elementy» et l'eurasisme&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Dans l'orbite du néo-nationalisme russe, nous trouvons une autre option pro-allemande, qui ne se réfère pas à la ligne idéologico-politique du panslavisme mais à une forme d'anti-occidentalisme extrême, l'eurasisme. Dans cette perspective, l'alliance stratégico-militaire entre la Russie et l'Allemagne est con­sidérée comme l'axe porteur d'un espace eurasiatique et continental opposé au monde atlantique. Cette thématique est centrale dans une revue comme &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Elementy&lt;/i&gt;, organe officiel du néo-eurasisme russe.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Dans le premier numéro de cette revue, on trouve le compte-rendu d'une table ronde qui a eu lieu en 1992 à Moscou à l'Académie d'Etat-Major russe sur le thème “La Russie, l'Allemagne et les autres”. Parmi les participants, outre quelques représentants de la “nouvelle droite” européenne, il y avait les Généraux Klokotov, Pichev et Iminov, qui, tous trois, enseignent à cette Académie. Tous les participants se sont dits convaincus de la nécessité d'un puissant tandem politique et militaire germano-russe pour stabiliser le continent européen (3).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Le troisième numéro d'&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Elementy&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; publie des réflexions sur le rôle de l'Allemagne dans une rubrique intitu­lée “Le bloc continental” (4), reprend un article de Moeller van den Bruck (1876-1925), figure centrale de la Révolution Conservatrice allemande après 1918 («L'Allemagne entre l'Europe et l'Occident»). Cet article affirme la spécificité culturelle allemande et insiste sur la nécessité d'avoir des liens privilégiés avec la Russie pour permettre à l'Europe de se soustraire au déclin provoqué par l'“occidentalisation” moderne (5).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Police2024; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;les thèses du Colonel Morozov&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Mais, toujours dans ce n°3 d'&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Elementy,&lt;/i&gt; l'article qui exprime au mieux cette nouvelle tendance germano­phile du néo-eurasisme russe, est celui du Colonel E. Morozov, intitulé «Les relations germano-russes: l'aspect géostratégique» (6). Pour le Colonel Morozov, le rapprochement germano-russe a des motifs his­toriques: depuis Pierre le Grand, on constate que quand les deux pays sont alliés, ils en tirent des avan­tages considérables. Et des motifs géopolitiques: l'un est au centre de l'Europe, l'autre au centre de l'Eurasie. Les difficultés d'un éventuel rapprochement germano-russe sont les suivantes: elles sont d'ordre psychologique, car Russes et Allemands se méfient les uns des autres depuis les deux conflits sanguinaires de ce XXième siècle; elles sont ensuite d'ordre stratégique: l'Allemagne s'étend vers l'Est, ce qui est inévitable vu la faiblesse des petits Etats qui “se situent entre Stettin et Taganrog et entre Tallin et la Crète”, et vu la crise actuelle que traverse la Russie. Mais l'expansion économique allemande ac­tuelle ne heurte pas fondamentalement les intérêts vitaux de la Russie. Ces difficultés doivent être sur­montées, d'après Morozov, en prenant conscience des énormes avantages stratégiques qu'une alliance entre les deux pays pourrait apporter, surtout dans la double perspective de redéfinir les espaces euro­péens et de redimensionner la présence américaine en Europe et le rôle global de Washington dans le monde.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;De telles thèses sont largement diffusées dans les rangs de l'opposition nationale-communiste et dans les hautes sphères de l'armée; elles acquerront du poids, deviendront de plus en plus visibles, si la situa­tion politique oblige à renforcer ces secteurs-là de la société russe. Mais dans ce cas, il n'est pas dit que l'hypothétique nouvel axe germano-russe soit réellement praticable, à moins que l'Allemagne réunifiée décide d'abandonner la politique d'intégration européenne que la RFA avait suivie sans réticence depuis les années 50. Mais ça, c'est un autre problème.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Aldo FERRARI.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;(article paru dans &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Pagine Libere,&lt;/i&gt; n°11-12/1995).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt; font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Notes:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;(1) Cf. «Le mie frontiere», entretien de Vladimir Jirinovski avec Rolf Gauffin, in &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Limes,&lt;/i&gt; n°1/1994, pp. 25-32.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;(2) Sur Jirinovski circule un essai récent, confus et prétentieux, rédigé par deux “spécialistes” se dissimulant derrière des pseudo­nymes. En trad. it.: G. Frazer &amp;amp; G. Lancelle, &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Il libretto nero di Zirinovskij,&lt;/i&gt; Garzanti, Milano, 1994.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;(3) Cfr. Elementy, n°1/1992, pp. 22-25.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;(4) Cfr. Elementy, n°3/1993, pp. 21-22.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;(5) Ibidem, pp. 30-33.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;(6) Cfr. Elementy, n°5/1994, pp. 26-30.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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<item>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/archive/2009/09/18/1.html</guid>
<title>L'axe paneuropéen Paris Berlin Moscou</title>
<link>http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/archive/2009/09/18/1.html</link>
<author>noreply@hautetfort.com (Ratatosk)</author>
<category>Géopolitique</category>
<pubDate>Sat, 26 Sep 2009 00:20:00 +0200</pubDate>
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&lt;div id=&quot;postwrap-29&quot; class=&quot;post&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.europemaxima.com/?p=29&quot; title=&quot;L’axe paneuropéen Paris – Berlin – Moscou&quot; class=&quot;title&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.europemaxima.com/?p=29&quot; title=&quot;L’axe paneuropéen Paris – Berlin – Moscou&quot; class=&quot;title&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/media/02/02/241533718.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;2825116777_08__SCLZZZZZZZ_.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-width: 0; margin: 0.7em 0;&quot; id=&quot;media-1986522&quot; name=&quot;media-1986522&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h1&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.europemaxima.com/?p=29&quot; title=&quot;L’axe paneuropéen Paris – Berlin – Moscou&quot; class=&quot;title&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;h1&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.europemaxima.com/?p=29&quot; title=&quot;L’axe paneuropéen Paris – Berlin – Moscou&quot; class=&quot;title&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;L’axe paneuropéen Paris – Berlin – Moscou&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h1&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Ex:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.europemaxima.com/&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;http://www.europemaxima.com/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;En 2002 sortait &lt;em&gt;Paris – Berlin – Moscou&lt;/em&gt; par Henri de Grossouvre (1). Un an après, l’actualité semblait avaliser cette perspective avec le refus de la France, secondée par l’Allemagne et la Russie, de cautionner l’aventure étatsunienne en Irak. Cependant, l’invasion de ce pays, puis l’arrivée à la Chancellerie et à l’Élysée d’atlantistes patentés avortèrent cet axe embryonnaire et surtout de circonstance. Sept ans plus tard, Marc Rousset relance le concept qui présente l’avantage de dépasser à la fois le strict souverainisme national et l’utopie mondialiste.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;post&quot;&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Imposant, l’ouvrage est aussi stimulant. Nourri par les lectures d’Yves-Marie Laulan, Samuel Huntington, Julien Freund, Carl Schmitt, Alain de Benoist, Régis Debray, Emmanuel Todd, etc., Marc Rousset prend note de l’échec &lt;em&gt;essentiel&lt;/em&gt; de la présente construction européenne et offre une alternative : l’axe paneuropéen Paris – Berlin – Moscou.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;La Françallemagne ou le chaos multiculturel&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Hostile à l’adhésion turque, l’auteur s’inquiète de la sous-natalité des Européens et de son terrible corollaire, l’immigration extra-européenne de peuplement. Pour lui, les petits égoïsmes nationaux devraient s’estomper au profit d’une réconciliation des « deux poumons » de l’Europe : l’ensemble occidental romano-protestant et son pendant oriental orthodoxe. L’auteur de &lt;em&gt;La nouvelle Europe de Charlemagne&lt;/em&gt; (1995) conçoit l’Europe de l’Ouest comme un espace « néo-carolingien » organisé autour d’une unité politique étroite entre Paris et Berlin. Marc Rousset veut la &lt;em&gt;Françallemagne&lt;/em&gt;. « Y aura-t-il un jour un État franco-allemand comme il en fut naguère de l’Autriche-Hongrie ? La France et l’Allemagne constituent une continuité spatiale de plus de cent quarante millions d’habitants. La restauration de l’espace communautaire franc est la tâche dévolue tant aux Français qu’aux Allemands. Elle est la condition préalable à toute unité européenne […]. La France et l’Allemagne sont liées par une &lt;em&gt;Schicksalgemeinschaft&lt;/em&gt;, une “ communauté de destin ”, affirme-t-il » (p. 133) (2). Plus loin, il ajoute sans hésiter qu’« il n’y a que la Françallemagne augmentée éventuellement de l’Italie, de l’Espagne, des États de Bénélux et de l’Autriche pour présenter un bloc suffisamment homogène, puissant et crédible, capable de s’appuyer ou de s’allier avec la puissance russe » (p. 532).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Or l’homogénéité ethnique, gage et/ou facteur de la puissance selon l’auteur, est-elle encore possible quand on connaît la déliquescence multiraciale de nos sociétés ? « Une société multi-ethnique conduit tout droit inexorablement, au mieux à des troubles et des affrontements, au pire au chaos et à la guerre civile, car il lui manque la &lt;em&gt;philia&lt;/em&gt;, la fraternité sincère, réelle et profonde entre les citoyens » (p. 523), observe-t-il avec lucidité. Une France européenne ne présuppose-t-elle pas au préalable le retour au pays massif et inconditionnel des allogènes ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Marc Rousset dénonce avec raison l’islamisation du continent, mais il ne voit pas que ce phénomène n’est que la conséquence inévitable de l’immigration. Plus grave, l’auteur reproduit sur l’islam les lieux communs les plus banaux. Il apporte son soutien à Robert Redeker, grand contempteur naguère du mouvement national. Il assimile l’islamisme à un « nouveau totalitarisme » (p. 300) ou à un « fascisme vert » (p. 301), ce qui est erroné et préjudiciable. Le concept de totalitarisme fait l’objet de discussions animées au sein de la communauté historienne. Quant à assimiler l’islamisme au fascisme, n’est-ce pas s’incliner devant l’« antifascisme » obsessionnel et perdre&amp;nbsp; la bataille du vocabulaire ? Enfin, vouloir, à la suite de quelques musulmans « éclairés », un « islam des Lumières » (p. 290), n’est-ce pas une ingérence dans une matière qui n’intéresse pas au premier chef les Européens ? Est-il vraiment indispensable de promouvoir la &lt;em&gt;modernisation&lt;/em&gt; et/ou l’&lt;em&gt;occidentalisation&lt;/em&gt; de l’islam, c’est-à-dire la contamination de cette religion par le Mal moderne, matérialiste et individualiste ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;L’économie comme instrument de la puissance&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;La dépression démographique n’est pas le seul défi à une possible entente paneuropéenne. Suivant le prix Nobel d’économie Maurice Allais, l’auteur conteste le libre-échange et la mondialisation, la « fuite des cerveaux » et la désindustrialisation. Il rappelle qu’« avec la délocalisation de son tissu industriel et depuis peu de ses services informatiques et de gestion, l’Europe perd chaque année des centaines de milliers d’emplois. Ce furent d’abord les emplois les moins qualifiés. Ce sont aujourd’hui des métiers à haute technicité qui sont externalisés vers l’Asie » (p. 49). Il s’effraie par ailleurs de la généralisation des emplois précaires du fait de la concurrence exacerbée planétaire aussi bien &lt;em&gt;là-bas&lt;/em&gt; où le pauvre hère travaille dix heures par jour pour un salaire misérable qu’&lt;em&gt;ici&lt;/em&gt; avec la pression exercée sur les rémunérations par les étrangers clandestins délinquants réduits en esclavage par un patronat immonde. Il craint en outre que l’essor des services à la personne ne soit « favorisé [que] par le contexte d’inégalité sociale croissante » (p. 55). Bref, « il est vital pour l’Europe de ne pas rester à l’écart du monde industriel moderne, de concevoir un développement industriel fort, créateur d’emplois pour la prochaine génération, d’assurer un renouvellement de son tissu manufacturier » (p. 56), clame&amp;nbsp; cet ancien directeur général chez &lt;em&gt;Aventis&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Carrefour&lt;/em&gt; et &lt;em&gt;Veolia&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Cependant, l’industrie et le tertiaire à haute valeur ajoutée ne doivent pas mésestimer la caractère stratégique de l’agriculture. À rebours des thèses sociologiques du cliquet ou d’un secteur agricole surproductiviste et sans presque de &lt;em&gt;paysans&lt;/em&gt;, on a la faiblesse de croire qu’une économie &lt;em&gt;humainement&lt;/em&gt; satisfaisante suppose un équilibre entre les secteurs primaire, secondaire et tertiaire. Les questions agricole et nutritionnelle sont en passe de devenir des enjeux majeurs du XXIe siècle. Avec la maîtrise de l’eau douce et le contrôle des ressources naturelles énergétiques, la quête de terres arables devient une priorité, car elles sont à l’origine, par l’auto-suffisance qu’elle induit, de la souveraineté alimentaire. Signalons que dans cette recherche bientôt éperdue, l’Europe détient un atout considérable avec les immenses &lt;em&gt;Terres noires&lt;/em&gt; fertiles de Russie et, surtout, d’Ukraine (3). Ce simple fait inciterait l’Europe, la France et l’Allemagne, à régler en arbitres le contentieux entre Moscou et Kiyv afin de rendre effective une entente géopolitique respectueuse de tous les peuples.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Surmonter les querelles nationales !&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Concernant les relations entre l’Ukraine et la Russie, notre désaccord est total avec Marc Rousset. S’appuyant sur l’historiographie conventionnelle française, il mentionne la « Russie de Kiev » alors que le terme « Russie » n’apparaît qu’en 1727. Il aurait été plus juste de parler de « &lt;em&gt;Rous’&lt;/em&gt; » ou de « Ruthénie ». Certes, « pour les Russes, l’Ukraine est une partie intégrante de la Russie, une simple annexe de Moscou » (p. 363). Cela implique-t-il de nier l’existence du peuple ukrainien ? Marc Rousset le pense puisqu’il affirme que « l’identité ukrainienne n’existe pas. Cette identité, exception faite de la Galicie, est une variante de l’identité russe et non une nationalité constituée qui s’interposerait durablement entre Russie, Pologne et Slaves du&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; Sud » (p. 367). Ignore-t-il que la langue ukrainienne s’est formalisée deux décennies avant la langue russe ? L’auteur se fourvoie quand il explique que « le russe et l’ukrainien sont si proches que deux locuteurs parlant chacun sa langue se comprennent sans interprète » (p. 367). Autant écrire qu’un Castillan et un Catalan se comprennent sans mal… relevons une autre erreur : « à Kiev, il est difficile de trouver un panneau autre qu’en russe » (p. 366). En réalité, l’ukrainien domine largement l’espace public de la capitale de l’Ukraine. Sait-il enfin que les dirigeants de la « Révolution orange », Viktor Iouchtchenko et Yulia Timochenko, viennent des confins orientaux, russophones, du pays et non de Galicie ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;L’axe paneuropéen ne pourra pas faire l’économie d’une résolution &lt;em&gt;équitable&lt;/em&gt; et &lt;em&gt;sereine&lt;/em&gt; des lancinantes questions nationalitaires inter-européennes. La nouvelle Europe Paris – Berlin – Moscou compenserait la complexe problématique impériale russe. Les Russes n’ont toujours pas fait le deuil de leur empire, tsariste puis soviétique, d’où cette politique agressive envers l’étranger proche (4) qui, par méfiance, se place sous la protection illusoire de l’O.T.A.N. Le projet paneuropéen de puissance transcenderait la frustration légitime de nos amis russes en un salutaire désir de renaissance géopolitique tant pour la Russie que pour les Allemands et les Français.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Comment alors acquérir cette puissance ? Force est de constater qu’à part les Russes, Français et Allemands ne se préoccupent guère de ce sujet. Le confort émollient de la Modernité les châtre psychologiquement. L’héroïsme est dévalorisé, remplacé par l’héroïne. En Afghanistan, les soldats allemands protestent contre leurs conditions de vie qu’ils jugent trop sommaires. Plus de soixante ans de rééducation mentale commencent à se payer et l’addition sera lourde. On aboutit au même constant en France. Le salut viendrait-il de la guerre économique mondiale ? En effet, le « nouveau continent » appliquerait la préférence communautaire, l’autarcie des grands espaces, le patriotisme économique et une coopération franco-germano-russe fort intense. « Il est temps que la France, l’Allemagne et la Russie coopèrent davantage pour de grands projets dans de nombreux d’une façon volontariste, que l’Eurosibérie se décide à enrayer son déclin, que les jeunes Européens désabusés, à l’égoïsme matérialiste hypertrophié, sortent de la torpeur passive et annihilante de la société de consommation futile et frustrante avec ses gadgets inutiles et loufoques, de l’idéologie américaine de la marchandise passion avec l’argent pour seul horizon, se guérissent d’une certaine forme de sida mental conduisant au renoncement à leur identité propre, à un idéal, au dépassement de soi » (p. 12). De ce fait, face à la montée des périls vitaux, « les Européens doivent […] se tourner vers les occidentalistes de la Russie, pousser les feux d’une réconciliation russo-ukrainienne et russo-géorgienne en lieu et place de la gifle inacceptable, du &lt;em&gt;casus belli&lt;/em&gt;, que représenterait pour la Russie l’entrée de l’Ukraine et de la Géorgie dans l’O.T.A.N. » (p. 527).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Quel avenir pour le continent paneuropéen ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;L’enjeu est considérable. « L’Europe doit-elle être simplement un sous-ensemble d’un empire transatlantique à direction américaine, ou est-elle, au contraire, un moyen pour les nations européennes de contrebalancer, avec l’aide de la Russie, les menaces […] ainsi que le poids de “ l’Amérique-monde ” ? L’Europe occidentale doit-elle, tel un paquet bien ficelé, continuer à être intégrée au &lt;em&gt;One World&lt;/em&gt; dirigé depuis Manhattan ? » (p. 12). Anxieux, Marc Rousset se demande si l’idée européenne « serait un moyen de créer enfin cette “ Troisième Rome ” dont ont toujours rêvé séparément la France, l’Allemagne et la Russie » (p. 198). « Cette Eurosibérie, prévient-il, serait véritablement indépendante, ne menacerait personne, mais personne également, que ce soit la Chine, les États-Unis ou l’Islam ne pourrait non plus véritablement indépendante la menacer. C’est pourquoi la France et l’Allemagne devraient remodeler l’architecture européenne en concertation avec la Russie » (pp. 198 – 199).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Dans ce plaidoyer se retrouve l’impératif démographique. Marc Rousset rappelle que l’Extrême-Orient russe est un quasi-désert humain tandis que sur l’autre rive de l’Amour vivent des millions de Chinois. Une alliance avec la Françallemagne renforcerait la Russie face à Pékin. « Un droit à l’occupation doit donc être reconnu aux peuples européens sur l’espace allant du nord du Portugal au détroit de Behring, en incluant le Nord-Caucase et la totalité de l’espace sibérien. Sur cet espace, cinq cents millions d’Européens et cent cinquante millions de Russes devraient pouvoir prolonger jusqu’à Vladivostok les frontières humaines et culturelles de l’Europe » (p. 46).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Il importe néanmoins de ne pas confondre les thèses de Marc Rousset avec les visions de Guillaume Faye ou les ratiocinations d’Alexandre Del Valle. « Nous croyons en l’Eurosibérie comme un simple concept géographique, mais en aucun cas à un empire eurosibérien qui aurait pu être réalisé par l’U.R.S.S. si elle avait gagné la Guerre froide et occupé l’Europe de l’Ouest. L’Eurosibérie &lt;em&gt;de facto&lt;/em&gt; et &lt;em&gt;de jure&lt;/em&gt; avec une seule capitale ne peut être réalisée que par une nation dominante disposant des ressources militaires, humaines et naturelles nécessaires, ce qui n’est le cas aujourd’hui d’aucune nation européenne, Russie incluse » (p. 532).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Dans ce cadre grand-européen, quelle en serait la langue institutionnelle et véhiculaire ? Sur ce point, M. Rousset surprend ! Il dénie tout droit à l’anglais d’être la &lt;em&gt;lingua franca&lt;/em&gt; de l’Europe-puissance. Il soutient le multilinguisme, mais se détourne des langues vernaculaires, ce qui est dommage. Est-il partisan du retour au latin ? &lt;em&gt;A priori&lt;/em&gt; oui, mais, après un examen minutieux, il l’estime inadapté à notre époque. Le français aurait-il toute sa chance comme le suggéra naguère l’archiduc Otto de Habsbourg-Lorraine ? Ce serait l’idéal parce que la langue de Stendhal est réputée pour sa richesse, sa clarté et son exactitude. Marc Rousset craint néanmoins qu’on accuse la France d’impérialisme linguistique. Il se déclare finalement favorable à l’espéranto. Envisagé comme une langue universelle, l’espéranto est surtout une marque du &lt;em&gt;génie européen&lt;/em&gt;. Il serait une langue &lt;em&gt;utilitaire&lt;/em&gt; européenne appropriée qui ne froisserait aucune susceptibilité linguistique tant nationale que régionale. On ne peut que partager ici son raisonnement.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;La nouvelle Europe sur terre et… sur mer !&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Le destin de la nouvelle Europe Paris – Berlin – Moscou serait-il uniquement continental, terrien ? Marc Rousset n’en doute pas et reprend à son compte la célèbre dichotomie géopolitique entre la Terre et la Mer. Or l’Union européenne dispose d’un domaine d’Outre-mer (dont de nombreux archipels non peuplés), ce qui en fait &lt;em&gt;potentiellement&lt;/em&gt; la première puissance maritime au monde. Il est fâcheux que l’auteur accepte cette opposition désormais classique, mais fallacieuse. Non, la France n’est pas qu’une « nation terrienne » (p. 36) ! Au-delà des succès navals de Louis XVI et des échecs en mer de Napoléon Ier, rappelons&amp;nbsp; que l’amiral Darlan joua un rôle capital&amp;nbsp; dans la création d’une remarquable flotte de guerre à la fin de la IIIe République. Des remarques similaires s’appliquent à la Russie qui dispose d’une immense façade littorale arctique prise jusqu’à maintenant plusieurs mois par an par les glaces. Mais si le fameux « réchauffement climatique » se manifestait, la Russie ne deviendrait-elle pas de fait une puissance navale ? Songeons déjà qu’au temps de l’Union soviétique, les navires de l’Armée rouge patrouillaient sur toutes les mers du globe, preuve manifeste d’une indéniable volonté thalassocratique…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Il ne faut pas que ces quelques critiques gâchent le thème central de l’essai de Marc Rousset. Il a écrit, il y a neuf ans, &lt;em&gt;Les Euroricains&lt;/em&gt; qui était un cri d’alarme contre la « &lt;em&gt;yanquisation&lt;/em&gt; » du « Vieux Monde ». À cette colonisation &lt;em&gt;globale&lt;/em&gt;, il apporte maintenant une solution envisageable à la condition que les hommes politiques saisissent le &lt;em&gt;Kairos&lt;/em&gt; et que s’établisse sur tout notre continent une communion d’esprit bien aléatoire actuellement. Le dilemme est posé : nos contemporains accepteront-ils d’être des sujets transatlantiques ou bien des citoyens paneuropéens ? Accepteront-ils l’abêtissement ou le redressement ? Comprendront-ils enfin que la France et l’Europe, que nos nations et l’Europe ne s’opposent pas, mais se complètent ? Louis Pauwels concluait son « Adresse aux Européens sans Europe » par cette évidence : « Qui s’étonnerait, à y bien regarder, du peu de patriotisme de la jeunesse française ? Trop peu d’Europe éloigne de la patrie. Beaucoup d’Europe y ramène. Ils seront patriotes quand nous serons européens. » (5)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Georges Feltin-Tracol&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Notes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;1 : Henri de Grossouvre, &lt;em&gt;Paris – Berlin – Moscou. La voie de l’indépendance et de la paix&lt;/em&gt;, L’Âge d’Homme, 2002.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;2 : On peut dès lors très bien imaginer que Strasbourg devienne la capitale françallemande, ce qui faciliterait le transfert à Bruxelles de toutes les institutions européennes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;3 : L’Arabie saoudite vient ainsi d’acquérir en Ukraine des milliers d’hectares de terres fertiles.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;4 : On appelle « l’étranger proche » les États issus de l’éclatement de l’U.R.S.S. et que le Kremlin considère comme son aire d’influence traditionnelle.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;5 : Louis Pauwels, &lt;em&gt;Le droit de parler&lt;/em&gt;, Albin Michel, 1981.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0px; font: 12px Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;• Marc Rousset, &lt;em&gt;La nouvelle Europe Paris – Berlin – Moscou. Le continent paneuropéen face au choc des civilisations&lt;/em&gt;, Godefroy de Bouillon, 2009, 538 p., préface de Youri Roubinski, 37 €.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
</description>
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<guid isPermaLink="true">http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/archive/2009/09/18/1.html</guid>
<title>Un livre sur l'Iran</title>
<link>http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/archive/2009/09/18/1.html</link>
<author>noreply@hautetfort.com (Ratatosk)</author>
<category>Géopolitique</category>
<pubDate>Sat, 26 Sep 2009 00:10:00 +0200</pubDate>
<description>
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/media/02/00/1515931191.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;iran_ethnoreligious_distribution_2004.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-width: 0; margin: 0.7em 0;&quot; id=&quot;media-1986473&quot; /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoPlainText&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoPlainText&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoPlainText&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoPlainText&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Archives de SYNERGIES EUROPEENNES – 1990&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoPlainText&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoPlainText&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoPlainText&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 26pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Un livre sur l’Iran&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoPlainText&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoPlainText&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoPlainText&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoPlainText&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoPlainText&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoPlainText&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot; lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Recension&lt;/span&gt;: Shireen T. HUNTER, &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Iran&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;and the World. Continuity in a Revolutionary Decade,&lt;/i&gt; Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Indiana 47.405), 1990, 256 p., $35.00 (cloth) ou $14,95 (paperback), ISBN 0-253-32877-2 (cl.) ou 0-253-20590-5 (pbk).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoPlainText&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot; lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoPlainText&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;En février 1979, le triomphe des forces révolutionnaires islamiques, hostiles au pouvoir du Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlevi, met un terme à une tradition monarchique vieille de 2500 ans en Iran. La chute de la monarchie n'a pas installé d'emblée un régime islamique, bien que l'Ayatollah Rouhollah Khomeiny apparaissait très nettement comme le leader incontesté de la révolution. En théorie, pendant près d'un an, le pouvoir est demeuré entre les mains d'un gou­vernement provisoire dirigé par le Premier Ministre Mehdi Bazargan, flanqué de ses collègues nationalistes et séculiers.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoPlainText&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoPlainText&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;En fait, ce gouvernement provisoire ne contrôlait nullement la situation et le pays entra rapidement dans une phase d'incertitude chaotique. Les extrémistes islamiques ainsi qu'une flopée de mouvements hybrides, gauchistes/islamistes, défiaient le gouvernement de façon ininterrompue, tandis que le «Conseil de la Révolution» minait ses possibilités d'agir. Rapidement, le front de bataille s'est dessiné en toute limpidité: les trois groupements idéologiques majeurs (séculier-nationaliste, islamiste et gauchiste) avaient chacun une vision radicalement différente du futur de l'Iran.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoPlainText&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoPlainText&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Le livre de Shireen T. Hunter entend dégager plusieurs lignes de faîte:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoPlainText&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoPlainText&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;1) démontrer qu'une variété de facteurs&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; —et pas seulement l'Islam—&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; a marqué le comportement de l'Iran sur la scène internationale et déterminé sa politique extérieure;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoPlainText&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoPlainText&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;2) montrer que la vision du monde iranienne n'est ni purement islamique ni un phénomène réellement nouveau dans la pensée politique du tiers-monde;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoPlainText&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoPlainText&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;3) expliquer que le comportement de l'Iran n'a pas été une rupture totale par rapport au comportement politique normal escompté dans le concert des Etats du globe; ce comportement est celui d'un Etat du tiers-monde à un stade révolutionnaire de son existence;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoPlainText&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoPlainText&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;4) montrer qu'il y a continuité entre le comportement actuel et passé de l'Iran, y compris dans les stratégies diplomatiques;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoPlainText&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoPlainText&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;5) fournir un panorama des relations extérieures de l'Iran au cours de la dernière décennie, en le replaçant dans son propre contexte historique;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoPlainText&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoPlainText&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;6) enfin, tirer des conclusions des événements de la dernière décennie pour prévoir l'avenir de l'Iran, quel que soit le régime qui émergera après la mort de l'Ayatollah Khomeiny.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoPlainText&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoPlainText&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Les outils méthodologiques utilisés dans cet ouvrage, afin de mettre en lumière les lignes de faîte énoncées ci-dessus, sont ceux qui président généralement aux analyses classiques dans les domaines de la diplomatie, de l'histoire et de la politique étrangère. Le livre aborde de front les questions majeures de la géopolitique régionale, de l'histoire mouvementée de l'Iran, des ressources économiques du pays, des circonstances intérieures (les processus de décision), pour examiner dans la foulée leurs interactions multiples et leur résultat final, celui qui détermine en dernière instance le comportement (géo)politique de l'Iran. Un ouvrage capital pour comprendre les dynamiques à l'œuvre dans une région bouleversée, où se décide sans doute le sort de toute la masse continentale eurasienne.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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