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jeudi, 13 janvier 2011

USA: die Angst vor der Katastrophe

USA: die Angst vor der Katastrophe

F. William Engdahl

 

uncle%20sam%20_____.jpgVor einigen Tagen hat US-Finanzminister Timothy Geithner erstmals öffentlich über den drohenden Staatsbankrott der Vereinigten Staaten gesprochen. Fast alle Europäer waren in den vergangenen Wochen durch die Euro-Schwäche ganz auf sich selbst konzentriert. Dabei ist die Lage in den USA weitaus dramatischer als in Europa. Verschuldung und Defizite geraten außer Kontrolle.

Mehr: http://info.kopp-verlag.de/hintergruende/geostrategie/f-w...

Turchia, Israele e il grande gioco nei Balcani

Turchia, Israele e il grande gioco nei Balcani

Giovanni Andriolo

Ex: http://www.eurasia-rivista.org/

Turchia, Israele e il grande gioco nei Balcani

I rapporti tra Israele e Turchia, nell’anno appena trascorso, sembrano essere irrimediabilmente deteriorati.

Fin dal 1949, quando la Turchia fu il primo paese a maggioranza musulmana a riconoscere lo Stato di Israele, Ankara e Gerusalemme si sono mossi nella direzione di un costante avvicinamento reciproco, accelerato negli anni ’90 e culminato nel 1996 con il primo accordo di cooperazione militare.

Il nuovo millennio si era aperto con prospettive positive. Se l’invasione dell’Iraq, nel 2003, da parte della “Coalizione dei Volonterosi” aveva creato una certa ulteriore turbolenza nell’area mediorientale, questa si era ripercossa anche negli equilibri strategici dei paesi vicini. In un tale scenario, la Turchia fu considerata da Israele un importante attore di mediazione tra lo Stato ebraico e i paesi a maggioranza musulmana del Medio Oriente. In accordo con tale prospettiva, il presidente turco Recep Tayyip Erdogan si era impegnato nel 2008 in un notevole sforzo diplomatico come mediatore nella crisi ormai quarantennale tra la Siria e lo Stato di Israele.

Tuttavia, con la salita al potere, nel 2002, del “Partito per la giustizia e lo sviluppo”, di matrice islamico-conservatrice di centro-destra, sulla scia dei partiti cristiano-conservatori o cristiano democratici d’Europa, le relazioni tra i due paesi hanno subito un certo raffreddamento.

Se da un lato, infatti, la politica estera turca si è orientata verso un maggiore attivismo nei confronti dei vicini mediorientali, tra cui l’Iran, la Siria, e, recentemente, l’Egitto, questo fatto ha necessariamente comportato un rallentamento della cooperazione con Israele. Nel tentativo di mediare tra le istanze provenienti dall’Occidente europeo e dall’Oriente vicino, due poli che rappresentano, in ultima analisi, le due anime del tessuto storico e sociale turco, la Turchia ha cercato di ricoprire il ruolo che diversi attori si aspettavano da Ankara, ponendosi come vero e proprio ponte tra le due aree. Sotto questo punto di vista, il nuovo orientamento della politica turca ha richiesto un necessario allentamento dei rapporti con Israele, durante i primi anni del 2000.

Successivamente, alcuni eventi internazionali hanno accentuato un tale distacco. Così, se nel 2008 Erdogan era riuscito a mettere in contatto telefonico il Presidente siriano Assad e il Primo Ministro israeliano Olmert, la tragica operazione Piombo Fuso da parte delle forze israeliane verso Gaza, alla fine dello stesso anno, aveva interrotto bruscamente il tentativo di dialogo tra i due paesi, vanificando lo sforzo diplomatico turco e provocando ad Ankara delusione e disappunto.

Tuttavia, è nel 2010 che si consuma la rottura ufficiale tra i due paesi, con il grave incidente avvenuto in acque internazionali ai danni della nave Mavi Marmara, battente bandiera turca, e con l’uccisione da parte delle forze israeliane di sette attivisti turchi e di uno statunitense di origini turche. In quell’occasione, il Presidente turco Erdogan descrisse l’attacco israeliano come “terrorismo di stato” e ritirò il proprio ambasciatore da Israele. Da quel momento, i rapporti tra i due paesi hanno subito una brusca interruzione.

La Turchia si rivolge ad Est, Israele ad Ovest

L’attuale governo israeliano sembra aver trovato una soluzione all’aggravarsi della crisi con la Turchia. Perseguendo la politica, che tanto cara sembra essere allo Stato di Israele, di creazione di alleanze strategiche con paesi lontani a discapito dei rapporti con i paesi vicini, il Ministro degli Esteri Avigdor Liberman, assieme ai suoi collaboratori, si è impegnato nell’ultimo anno in una serie di incontri con Ministri e Capi di Stato di diversi paesi dell’area balcanica, con i quali ha inteso creare una serie di relazioni economiche, politiche e militari in funzione anti-turca.

Pertanto, se la Turchia sembra guardare verso Oriente e verso i paesi vicini ad est dei propri confini, Israele, d’altra parte, sembra rivolgersi al lato opposto, verso occidente. Questa volta, però, Israele si sta avvicinando ad un occidente nuovo, un occidente più vicino rispetto a quello oltreoceano, un occidente malleabile, e, soprattutto, situato a ridosso della Turchia. Si tratta della penisola balcanica, dell’area geografica che va dai Mari Adriatico e Ionio fino al Mar Egeo ed al Mar Nero, che partendo dalla linea Trieste – Odessa, a Nord, scende verso Sud fino a coprire tutta la Grecia.

È su quest’area che Israele ha concentrato i propri sforzi diplomatici nell’ultimo anno, attraverso una frequenza di visite e incontri ufficiali tutt’altro che sporadica, attraverso la conclusione di accordi di natura economico-militare con diversi paesi della regione, attraverso riferimenti diretti, nei discorsi ufficiali tenuti durante tali missioni, alla Turchia e al pericolo di reviviscenza del terrorismo islamico che i paesi balcanici starebbero correndo.

Le missioni israeliane del 2010 nei Balcani

Già dai primi giorni del 2010, l’apparato diplomatico israeliano ha mosso i primi passi verso l’area balcanica.

Così, il 5 gennaio il Ministro degli Esteri Liberman ha incontrato il Primo Ministro macedone Gruevski a Gerusalemme. Durante l’incontro, Liberman ha affermato che gli Stati balcanici rappresenterebbero la prossima destinazione della “Jihad globale”, che mirerebbe a stabilire infrastrutture nella regione e centri di reclutamento di attivisti. Una settimana dopo, il 13 gennaio, Lieberman ha visitato Cipro, dal cui Presidente ha ottenuto una serie di accordi di carattere commerciale, mentre il 27 gennaio ha incontrato il Primo Ministro ungherese a Budapest. Il giorno seguente, il Vice Ministro degli Esteri israeliano Danny Ayalon si è recato in visita in Slovacchia, nell’intento dichiarato di creare un fronte di opposizione al Rapporto Goldstone. A febbraio, Ayalon ha siglato un protocollo di rinnovo degli accordi sul trasporto aereo con il Ministro dei Trasporti ucraino, stabilendo una serie di agevolazioni di carattere commerciale negli scambi tra i due paesi e abolendo l’obbligo del visto per le visite tra i cittadini di Israele e Ucraina. A marzo, si è svolto a Gerusalemme l’annuale incontro delle delegazioni greca e israeliana, occasione per ribadire i saldi rapporti tra i due paesi e per parlare di sicurezza nella regione mediterranea, in particolare della minaccia rappresentata dall’Iran. In aprile, Liberman si è impegnato in una visita di tre giorni in Romania, dove ha discusso con il Presidente Băsescu di questioni di sicurezza, dilungandosi sulle minacce rappresentate da Iran e Siria. In maggio, si sono svolti incontri tra Liberman e rappresentanti dei governi di Macedonia, Croazia e Bulgaria, durante i quali sono stati discussi piani di cooperazione in ambito economico e commerciale.

Fino a maggio, quindi, gli incontri tra il Ministro israeliano e i suoi colleghi dei diversi paesi balcanici sembravano presentare finalità perlopiù economico-commerciali e di creazione di un consenso in funzione anti-iraniana. Dopo l’attacco alla Freedom Flottilla, avvenuto nel maggio del 2010, e la conseguente rottura delle relazioni con la Turchia, i toni degli incontri di Liberman con i leader balcanici sono cambiati.

Durante l’estate, Liberman ha ricevuto a Gerusalemme il Primo Ministro greco Papandreou. In quell’occasione, il Ministro israeliano ha ringraziato apertamente la Grecia per aver cooperato con Israele in occasione dei recenti fatti della Freedom Flottilla e ha invitato l’Unione Europea a prendere posizione proattiva nei confronti di Libano, Siria e Turchia, affinché questi paesi evitino dannose provocazioni future. L’inclusione della Turchia tra i paesi ostili, a fianco di Libano e Siria, segna da un lato il fallimento del progetto di mediazione, da parte di Erdogan, tra Gerusalemme e Damasco e sancisce, dall’altro, la rottura ufficiale con Ankara. A luglio, si è riunito a Gerusalemme il Comitato Economico Israelo-Ucraino, durante il quale rappresentanti dei due paesi hanno discusso di questioni di carattere economico e commerciale. Con il Ministro degli Esteri ucraino Gryshchenko, poi, Liberman ha firmato un accordo di cancellazione del visto per le visite reciproche dei cittadini dei due paesi. All’inizio di settembre, Liberman si è recato a Cipro e in Repubblica Ceca per discutere con i Ministri degli Esteri locali delle relazioni tra i rispettivi paesi e della sicurezza nella regione. Ad ottobre, Liberman ha siglato un trattato sull’aviazione con il Ministro degli Esteri greco Droutsas. Il trattato prevede, tra l’altro, l’estensione del numero delle rotte aeree tra i due paesi e nuovi meccanismi di negoziazione delle tariffe reciproche. A dicembre, i giornali bulgari hanno mostrato le foto di un incontro a Sofia tra il Primo Ministro bulgaro Borisov e il capo dei servizi segreti israeliani Meir Dagan. Il Presidente bulgaro Borisov avrebbe infatti chiesto, subito dopo la propria elezione, di incontrare Netanyahu per offrire la cooperazione del proprio paese ad Israele in diversi campi: da sicurezza e intelligence al permesso per i piloti israeliani di svolgere esercitazioni sui cieli della Bulgaria. In cambio, Borisov auspicherebbe di ottenere l’aiuto israeliano nello sviluppo di più moderne tecnologie per il proprio paese e l’incremento verso la Bulgaria del flusso di turisti israeliani, che sembrano finora preferire la Turchia. Anche la Grecia avrebbe accordato all’aeronautica israeliana il permesso di esercitarsi sui propri cieli, e altrettanto avrebbe concesso la Romania.

Sempre a dicembre, Liberman ha incontrato in visite ufficiali i Capi di Stato di Bulgaria, Slovenia e Bosnia Erzegovina, ribadendo con tutti i solidi legami tra Israele e i rispettivi paesi. Inoltre, Israele ha fornito all’Albania una serie di aiuti per supportare il Governo locale nell’affrontare gli allagamenti che hanno colpito il paese all’inizio di dicembre.

I vantaggi per Israele e per i Balcani

Secondo il quotidiano israeliano Haaretz, i paesi balcanici sarebbero favorevoli ad un avvicinamento con Israele per diversi motivi. Innanzitutto, la crisi nei rapporti tra Israele e Turchia aprirebbe per i Balcani diverse possibilità per insinuarsi e per sottrarre alla Turchia stessa le relazioni speciali che godeva con Gerusalemme. I paesi balcanici sono tendenzialmente insofferenti alla Turchia per diverse ragioni di carattere storico, religioso, culturale. Molti Stati della regione balcanica hanno subito per lunghi secoli la dominazione ottomana, alcuni (i paesi abitati da Bosniaci ed Albanesi) sarebbero preoccupati da una minaccia di diffusione del fondamentalismo islamico nei propri territori, altri hanno dispute di natura territoriale con la Turchia, altri ancora sperano di risollevare le proprie economie attraverso una stretta cooperazione con Israele.

In quest’ottica, la Bulgaria e la Grecia sembrano essere i due paesi più interessati ad approfondire i rapporti con Israele. La disputa con la Turchia in relazione al futuro di Cipro e la forte crisi economica che ha colpito la Grecia, spingerebbero il Presidente Papandreou verso una comunanza di interessi con Gerusalemme in funzione anti-turca e verso uno sbocco ad est di natura economico-commerciale. D’altra parte, Israele si trova a dover colmare il vuoto di alleanze strategiche lasciato dal deterioramento dei rapporti con la Turchia. La Grecia, in quest’ottica, risulta particolarmente attraente per Gerusalemme, poiché, oltre a presentare un’aperta ostilità nei confronti di Ankara e ad essere posizionata al confine con la Turchia, risulta essere membro dell’Unione Europea e, pertanto, potrebbe rivelarsi una risorsa strategica importante per Gerusalemme all’interno del Consiglio a Bruxelles, assieme ad altri paesi balcanici membri. Per questi motivi, Grecia e Israele hanno dichiarato il 2011 come l’anno della propria collaborazione strategica.

Alcune conclusioni

La regione balcanica assume per Israele, nella congiuntura attuale, un’importanza strategica fondamentale.

Gli ultimi eventi riguardanti Israele e l’uso della forza da parte del suo esercito (si vedano l’operazione Piombo Fuso a Gaza del 2008 o l’attacco alla Freedom Flottilla del 2010) hanno guastato l’immagine del paese sullo scenario internazionale e lo hanno privato di un importante alleato a maggioranza musulmana, la Turchia. Risulta pertanto necessario per Israele recuperare un certo consenso internazionale e colmare il vuoto lasciato ad ovest dall’alleato turco.

La politica del governo di Netanyahu sembra attestarsi, in tali circostanze, in linea con le strategie seguite dallo Stato israeliano fin dalla sua formazione. Piuttosto di instaurare un dialogo con i propri vicini, che nella fattispecie sarebbero rappresentati da Turchia ad ovest e dai paesi mediorientali suoi confinanti ad est, Israele sembra preferire l’avvicinamento con paesi più lontani, ma in grado di effettuare una certa pressione nei confronti dei paesi vicini. In quest’ottica, i paesi balcanici si configurano come l’obiettivo ideale per Israele.

Innanzitutto per motivi geografici: la regione balcanica, infatti, rappresenta il contatto territoriale della Turchia ad ovest del Bosforo con l’Europa. Il confine terrestre turco infatti tocca la Bulgaria e la Grecia, che abbiamo visto essere i principali interlocutori di Israele nei Balcani, e anche via mare la Turchia si affaccia ad ovest sulle coste greche e cipriote. Di fatto, i Balcani rappresentano la porta d’ingresso della Turchia in Europa. Sotto questo punto di vista, l’eventuale ostilità balcanica nei confronti della Turchia rappresenterebbe un ostacolo simbolico e reale non indifferente per le prospettive future del paese di Erdogan.

Il ruolo di ponte tra Occidente ed Oriente che Ankara ha assunto e che molti leader europei ed extraeuropei auspicano non può prescindere da buone relazioni tra Turchia e gli stati confinanti ad ovest come ad est. Tale ruolo è uno degli argomenti più importanti usato dalle voci che stanno promuovendo l’accesso della Turchia all’Unione Europea. Se, come è già stato sottolineato, il governo turco si è mosso negli ultimi anni verso un avvicinamento dei paesi mediorientali anche in chiave di mediazione (ne è esempio la telefonata del 2008 tra Assad e Olmert organizzata da Erdogan), un rafforzamento dei rapporti con l’Europa risulta di fondamentale importanza. In una tale ottica, uno svilimento delle relazioni tra la Turchia e la regione che rappresenta l’ingresso all’Europa, i Balcani, risulterebbe oltremodo dannosa per il processo di costituzione del ponte turco tra Oriente ed Occidente. Tra i paesi balcanici, la Slovenia, la Romania, la Repubblica Ceca, la Slovacchia, la Bulgaria e la Grecia sono già membri dell’Unione Europea, mentre Croazia, Montenegro e Macedonia sono, assieme alla Turchia stessa, i principali candidati. L’ostilità, da parte di questi paesi, verso la Turchia e verso il suo ingresso nell’Unione Europea potrebbe compromettere la saldatura di Ankara con Bruxelles e far crollare uno dei due lati del ponte, quello occidentale.

In quest’ottica, Israele può soltanto guadagnare da un tale scenario. Se, infatti, il progetto del ponte turco fosse portato a termine e la Turchia diventasse veramente un mezzo di mediazione delle istanze occidentali ed orientali, l’importanza del consenso dello Stato di Israele nella regione passerebbe in secondo piano. Infatti, le pressioni da parte mediorientale e da parte europea, una volta coese dalla mediazione turca, risulterebbero insopportabili per Gerusalemme, che si troverebbe costretta ad accordare condizioni di pace, magari non così vantaggiose per Israele, ai palestinesi e ai paesi vicini, come la Siria, con cui sussistono ancora dispute territoriali.


* Giovanni Andriolo, dottore magistrale in Relazioni internazionali e tutela dei diritti umani (Università degli studi di Torino), collabora con la rivista Eurasia.

Krantenkoppen - Januari 2011 / 06

Konstantin_Soitzner_Le_petit_Journal.jpg

Krantenkoppen

Januari 2011 - 06

 
'Fraude met Europese geldstromen jarenlang verzwegen'
De rapportage van de Europese Rekenkamer is jarenlang stelselmatig gesaboteerd. Dat stelt oud-Rekenkamerlid Maarten Engwirda in een interview met de Volkskrant. Kritiek op gesjoemel met Europees geld werd in de regel onder het tapijt geschoven.
http://www.ad.nl/ad/nl/1000/Nieuws/article/detail/562564/...
 
'Knokploeg op krakers Munt afgestuurd'
De krakers die sinds gister het pand op de Munt bezetten, hebben vandaag bezoek gehad van een knokploeg, zo zeggen ze zelf. De knokploeg zou zijn gestuurd door de eigenaar van het pand, vastgoedbeheerder Willem Speerstra Junior.
http://www.ad.nl/ad/nl/1041/Amsterdam/article/detail/5624...
 
Heisa over reis langs Hitler-monumenten
Plannen voor een toeristische trip langs locaties die voor Hitler belangrijk waren, hebben tot felle kritiek geleid. De luxueuze achtdaagse trip a 2400 euro per persoon is een idee van vier Britse reisleiders.
http://www.ad.nl/ad/nl/1000/Nieuws/article/detail/562467/...
 
'Turkse jongeren dreigen te ontsporen'
De maatschappelijke positie van Nederlands-Turkse jongeren is bijzonder zorgwekkend. Dat stellen tien Turks-Nederlandse professionals, onderzoekers, pedagogen en beleidsadviseurs in een manifest op volkskrant.nl.
http://www.ad.nl/ad/nl/1000/Nieuws/article/detail/562283/...
 
Uitgever Suske en Wiske boos op Vlaams Belang
De Belgische uitgever van de Suske en Wiske-reeks distantieert zich van een Vlaams Belang-kalender met de striphelden op de cover. De kalenders werden door de rechts-nationalistische partij uitgedeeld op de nieuwjaarsreceptie van de stad Gent.
http://www.ad.nl/ad/nl/1013/Buitenland/article/detail/562...
 
Zestien uur werkstraf in Anne Frank Huis voor Jodenhaat
De achttienjarige Omar E. uit Utrecht, die zich schuldig heeft gemaakt aan het discrimineren van Joden in een filmpje op internet, moet zestien uur in het Anne Frank huis gaan werken.
http://www.elsevier.nl/web/Nieuws/Nederland/286279/Zestie...
 
Japan boos op Nederland na aanval Sea Shepherd
Een Japanse walvisvaarder is zondag op zee belaagd door Sea Shepherd, extremistische dierenactivisten die varen onder Nederlandse vlag. Japan is boos en wil dat Nederland ingrijpt.
http://www.elsevier.nl/web/Nieuws/Wetenschap/286140/Japan...
 
Minister Opstelten gaat wiettelers koophuis afpakken
Minister van Veiligheid en Justitie Ivo Opstelten (VVD) wil de koophuizen en bedrijfspanden van criminelen met een wietplantage afpakken. Opstelten is over de maatregel in gesprek met banken en hypotheekverstrekkers.
http://www.elsevier.nl/web/Nieuws/Nederland/286221/Minist...
 
Politie gaat kentekens bewaren
De politie zal de kentekengegevens van auto's die bij automatische cameracontroles worden geregistreerd, in het vervolg nog vier weken bewaren. Dat maakt minister Opstelten (Veiligheid en Justitie, VVD) vandaag bekend, zo schrijft De Telegraaf.
http://www.spitsnieuws.nl/archives/binnenland/2011/01/pol...
 
Hoofddoek blijft verboden
Op het Don Bosco College in Volendam blijven hoofddoekjes vooralsnog verboden. De school beraadt zich tot donderdag 20 januari over het oordeel van de Commissie Gelijke Behandeling (CGB). Die stelt dat de school discrimineert op basis van godsdienst.
http://www.spitsnieuws.nl/archives/provinciaal/2011/01/ho...
 
Twijfels over strafbaarheid A-C-A-B
De Hoge Raad heeft twijfels bij de strafbaarheid van de afkorting A-C-A-B. De zaak tegen een man die vanwege de afkorting was gearresteerd, moet daarom over.
http://nos.nl/artikel/210899-twijfels-over-strafbaarheid-...
 
Mogelijke contactpersonen ETA met FARC vast
In een gezamenlijke actie hebben de Spaanse en Franse politie dinsdag twee personen opgepakt die worden verdacht van betrokkenheid bij de Baskische terreurbeweging ETA. De verdachten zouden contacten hebben gehad met de Colombiaanse guerrillabeweging FARC.
http://www.refdag.nl/nieuws/buitenland/mogelijke_contactp...
 
Politie Moskou sluit plein uit vrees voor rellen
De politie van Moskou heeft dinsdag een deel van het Manesj-plein, vlak naast het Kremlin, afgesloten. Twintig personen die ervan verdacht worden deel te hebben willen nemen aan een demonstratie werden opgepakt. De politie vreest voor een herhaling van de rellen van vorige maand, waarbij ultranationalisten demonstreerden tegen de aanwezigheid van niet-Slaviërs in Rusland.
http://www.trouw.nl/nieuws/wereld/article3375362.ece/Poli...

Kritik an Zensur von "Tom Sawyer" wächst

Kritik an Zensur von „Tom Sawyer“ wächst

Ex: http://www.jungefreiheit.de/

tom%20sawyer.gifMONTGOMERY. Kritiker haben empört auf die „politisch korrekte“ Neuauflage von „Die Abenteuer von Tom Sawyer und Huckleberry Finn“ reagiert. Die New York Times schreibt in einem Leitartikel, dem Werk würde durch die zensierte Neuauflage „irreparabler Schaden“ zugefügt. „Das ist nicht Twain“, sagt die wichtigste Tageszeitung in den  USA.

Gegenüber dem auflagenstärksten Boulevardblatt USA Today sagte der Direktor des Mark-Twain-Museums in Hartford (Conneticut) Jeff Nichols über das gestrichene Wort „Nigger“: „Das Wort mag schrecklich sein, mag verletzend sein, aber es gibt einen Grund dafür, daß es da ist.“ Schließlich sei es dem Autor darum gegangen, die Welt der 40er Jahre des 19. Jahrhunderts in Missouri zu portraitieren. Der Jura-Professor Randall Kennedy von der Harvard Universität sagte mit Blick auf das N-Wort, es sei „grundfalsch ein Wort aus unserer Geschichte einfach auslöschen zu wollen.“

Fliegt Mark Twain aus dem Unterricht?

Hintergrund ist die Neuauflage des bekanntesten Romans des amerikanischen Schriftstellers Mark Twain „Die Abenteuer von Tom Sawyer und Huckleberry Finn“. Das vielgebrauchte Wort „Nigger“ wurde durch „Sklave“ ersetzt und das ebenfalls als Schimpfwort empfundene „Injun“ durch „Indianer“. Der Roman handelt in den amerikanischen Südstaaten in der Zeit der Negersklaverei.

Der kleine New South Books Verlag begründete die Neuauflage, die im Februar auf den Markt kommt, mit der drohenden Zensur durch amerikanische Bildungseinrichtungen. Andernfalls drohe das Werk Twains aus dem Unterrichtmaterial amerikanischer Schulen und Universitäten entfernt zu werden, teilte der Verlag aus Montgomery (Alabama) mit. Der Verlag war so verunsichert, daß er noch nicht einmal die Worte nennen wollte, die durch „weniger verletzende Worte“ ersetzt worden sind. (rg)

Les Indo-Européens de Jean Haudry


Les Indo-Européens de Jean Haudry

00:05 Publié dans Livre | Lien permanent | Commentaires (0) | Tags : livre, tradition, traditions, indo-européens, jean haudry, europe, racines | |  del.icio.us | | Digg! Digg |  Facebook

Evola on the Egyptian & Tibetan Books of the Dead

Evola on the Egyptian & Tibetan Books of the Dead

Translation anonymous, revised by Greg Johnson

Ex: http://www.counter-currents.com/

Boris De Rachewiltz
Il libro dei Morti degli antichi Egiziani
Milan: All’Insegna del Pesce d’Oro, 1958

egyptelm.jpgThis publication fills a gap long felt by the many students of the history of religions, since previous editions of the Book of the Dead, this most important document of ancient Egypt, have long been unavailable. The works of Lepsius (1842), Naville (1886), Pierret (1882), Sir Peter Le Page Renouf (1904), and Schiaparelli (1881–1890) can only be found in libraries. The only edition reprinted has been the 1953 edition by E. A. Wallis Budge with facsimiles of the papyri.

Mention should also be made of the G. Kolpaktchy edition published in French and Italian. But it is of little use from the scientific point of view, for the author, animated by the praiseworthy desire to give the inner esoteric sense of many passages of the text has too often been carried away by his imagination, or, worse still, allowed himself to be influenced by dubious ideas taken from modern Theosophy.

The edition and translation by De Rachewiltz—handsomely printed—is based on the Turin papyrus, photographic reproductions of which face the pages of the translation so that any who wish may compare the two. The text is of the Saite Book of the Dead, which is more recent than the Theban version. It was studied and reproduced only by Lepsius, and it is more complete than the Theban version, as it represents the final stage of its development in which the basic themes have been preserved apart from several re-elaborations and additions.

The translation is such that it can serve the purposes of both the specialist and the cultured reader interested in the documents of traditional spirituality. For such readers a little glossary has been added to the translation, which explains the leading themes of the Egyptian mythical-religious world that recur in the text. The translation adheres in the main to the literal meaning of the text, but it does so generally in a way that does not hinder a symbolic or esoteric interpretation, which texts of this kind always allow.

It would be interesting—and would come within the scope of this Review—to draw a comparison between the Egyptian Book of the Dead and the Tibetan, Bardo Thödol, first made known by Evans Wenz and later by Professor Tucci, who used more complete text. The idea common to both is that after death the soul still has the ability to take actions on which its fate will depend. It can, in a certain way, overcome destiny, modifying the course it would otherwise follow. To express it in oriental terms, it may be said that it has the power of suspending the effects of the karma.

 

It should however be noted that this does not refer to just any kind of soul. The Tibetan text shows that the soul is always that of a person who had already travelled part of the way to liberation during his life.

In the case of the Egyptian text, De Rachewiltz points out that it became the Book of the Dead in general only through a process of “democratization,” for in the ancient Empire it had been reserved exclusively to members of the Royal House and of the high priesthood. Indeed, originally the so-called “Osirification” was reserved for them only, and only to them was attributed the ka, the “double,” destined to make way for the sahu, the immortal body that “stands up,” that “does not fall.”

The real title of the Egyptian text is The Book to Lead out to the Day. The real meaning of this expression, imperfectly understood by several translators, alludes to the supreme purpose: to go out into the day means to go out into the immortal light, the invisible light of Amenti. In the Tibetan ritual, as is known, the meeting with absolute light is the first experience and the first test the soul of the dead encounters. An essential part of the Egyptian ritual is overcoming “the second death,” that is to say the disintegration of the spiritual and psychic nucleus detached from the body by the first death (the death of the physical organism). In this connection the motive of an existential danger, of a fundamental risk encountered in the beyond, often acquires highly dramatic features in the Egyptian text. At the same time, the Egyptian text attributes more importance to behavior of a magic and determinative character than does the Tibetan, which accentuates rather the importance and power of knowledge.

tibetlm.jpgNevertheless, there are many parallel points between the two texts dealing with the liberating identifications. Just as in the Tibetan ritual the destruction of the appearance of distinct entities, which all things perceived in the experiences of the other world may acquire, is indicated as a means of liberation, so in the Egyptian text formulae are repeated by means of which the soul of the dead affirms and realizes its identity with the divine figures.

In addition to these, there are the formulas for “transformation.” The soul acquires the capacity of making itself manifest in the form of one or other of the cosmic powers, which in the text are made to correspond mostly to the symbolic theriomorphic figures. It is only through a misinterpretation of these references that some have been led to suppose that the doctrine of reincarnation was part of the ancient esoteric teachings of the Egyptians.

Unfortunately, the Egyptian text as it has come down to us is not systematic in character. The formulas are often presented miscellaneously. Apart from spurious features of a folkloric character, the positions taken fluctuate frequently. There are spiritual ups and downs, inner shortcomings, invocations of a religious and mystical nature.

Yet spite of all this, the prevailing character of the most ancient, clear, and essential portions of the text is most certainly inspired by magic. The soul humbles itself so little in the presence of the ultramundane divinities that it sometimes threatens them with destruction. This is the case even with Osiris and Ra, with reference to the principle of a kind of “transcendent virility.” The soul even asserts a substantial metaphysical connection between itself and the divine essences, sometimes even declaring that its salvation is also theirs. The “opening of the mouth,” by which is meant the reacquisition of the magic power of the word, which can render the formulas efficient and irresistible, “breathing the breath of life,” thus becoming a Living Being, having power over the Waters, taking a Name which does not die, these are the most luminous themes in the vicissitudes of the other world.

The Egyptian text was recited at funerals, as the Tibetan Bardo Thödol was read to the dying and even after their death. In either case the purpose was to help the soul not to forget, to stand up and remain active. De Rachewiltz, moreover, rightly calls attention to the fact that several passages suggest that the Egyptian formulas were used also during life and were held to be useful to the living, so one may recognize in the text the character of a magic ritual in the proper meaning of the words. This may indeed apply not only to some special formulas but to the text as a whole if it be referred to the rites of initiation, for it was unanimously believed in the ancient world that the experiences of initiation corresponded to those of life beyond the grave and that therefore the proceedings required in either case to overcome the “second death” and reach “Osirification” were the same.

In calling attention to this new publication, we would again point out that it makes an important contribution also to those who wish to make a comparative study of Oriental and Western traditions which, in a certain sense, find a connecting link in the traditions of ancient Egypt.

East and West, vol. 10, nos. 1 and 2 (March–June 1959): 126–27.

mercredi, 12 janvier 2011

Radio Courtoisie: Force et Honneur & Homo Americanus

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Samedi midi vous êtes pris!
Le Libre Journal des Lycéens sera consacré à la sortie de l'ouvrage collectif Force & Honneur, 30 batailles qui ont marqué la France et l'Europe aux éditions Les Amis du Livre Européen. Nous aurons le plaisir de recevoir les éditeurs Eugène Krampon et Gérard Vaudan, ainsi que notre chroniqueur favori, Pascal Lassalle, qui a écrit l'article sur la bataille de Teutobourg, Lajos Marton pour l'insurrection de Budapest, et Robert Steuckers concernant la Bataille de Lépante. Un ouvrage à mettre dans les mains de tous ceux, et notamment les plus jeunes, qui souhaitent mieux connaître leur histoire et la geste européenne.
La seconde partie de l'émission sera consacrée à l'Homo-Americanus, rejeton de l'ère post-moderne en compagnie de Tomislav Sunic et Georges Feltin-Tracol, animateur du site Europe Maxima
Une émission qui s'annonce donc très riche.
Très bonne semaine et à samedi.

--
Romain LECAP
Pour écouter Radio Courtoisie :
Paris 95,6 MHz   Caen 100,6 MHz   Chartres 104,5 MHz
Cherbourg 87,8 MHz   Le Havre 101,1 MHz   Le Mans 98,8 MHz ;
pour toute la France, en clair, sur le bouquet satellite Canalsat (canal 526) ;
pour le monde entier sur www.radiocourtoisie.fr.

14:59 Publié dans Evénement | Lien permanent | Commentaires (2) | Tags : événement, radio, militaria | |  del.icio.us | | Digg! Digg |  Facebook

A quand une repentance pour les "captifs en Barbarie"?

A quand une repentance pour les « captifs en Barbarie » ?

Ex: http://www.polemia.com/ 

 

Des centaines de livres sont consacrés chaque année aux Africains vendus (généralement par leurs compatriotes) aux négriers fournissant les colonies d’outre-Atlantique. Un calvaire également détaillé dans de multiples films et émissions de télévision et solennellement évoqué chaque 10 mai par la « Journée commémorative des mémoires de la traite négrière, de l’esclavage et de leur abolition » instituée (sans crainte de la redondance !) par Jacques Chirac en 2005 avant que Nicolas Sarkozy n’y aille de sa larme le 8 janvier dernier lors de son hommage antillais à Aimé Césaire. Mais qui rappelle le martyre des esclaves blancs, plus d’un million selon l’historien anglais Giles Milton ?

captifs.jpgDans son roman policier Le Phare, paru en 2008 à LGF/Livre de Poche et qu’elle situe à Combe Island, au large de la Cornouailles, l’Anglaise P. D. James signale à plusieurs reprises la terreur exercée par les pirates maghrébins, surtout ceux de Rabat-Salé, sur les côtes sud de l’Angleterre où ils s’étaient emparés de plusieurs îles, transformées en bastions. Le sort tragique et « l’histoire extraordinaire des esclaves européens en terre d’islam », c’est justement ce qu’a étudié l’historien Giles Milton, anglais lui aussi, dans Captifs en Barbarie.

Plus d’un million d’esclaves blancs

On sait quelle ampleur avait prise la piraterie barbaresque en Méditerranée et le péril qu’elle faisait courir aux populations riveraines, au point que la prise de la Régence d’Alger par la France, en 1830, fut approuvée et accueillie avec soulagement par toute l’Europe. Même si une cousine de la future impératrice Joséphine, la Créole Aimée Dubuc de Rivery, qui avait pris place sur un bateau pour la Métropole, vit le navire arraisonné et ses passagers vendus en esclavage, elle-même étant destinée au harem du sultan de Stamboul, on sait moins que cette piraterie fut presque aussi active dans l’Atlantique. A partir des côtes marocaines furent ainsi razziés aux XVIIe et XVIIe siècle non seulement des Britanniques mais aussi des Scandinaves, des Islandais, des colons du Groenland et même des Américains.

Après de longs recoupements, Giles Milton estime à plus de un million le nombre des esclaves occidentaux dont une infirme minorité put recouvrer la liberté, grâce au versement d’une rançon ou par évasion — cas du Cornouaillais Thomas Pellow, enlevé en 1715 à l’âge de onze ans, enfin libre vint ans plus tard et dont l’autobiographie publiée en 1740, après son miraculeux retour en Angleterre, sert à l’auteur de fil conducteur.

A l’époque comme aujourd’hui en Afghanistan et surtout en Afrique (qu’on pense à la Somalie, au Mali où croupissent plusieurs Français), la prise d’otages occidentaux était pratiquée à grande échelle pour obtenir d’abord d’extravagantes rançons, surtout quand ces otages étaient de hauts personnages, mais aussi pour obtenir aussi des appuis politiques et des retournements d’alliances. Ainsi le Maroc multiplia-t-il au début du XVIIe siècle les razzias d’Anglais dans le dessein d’obliger le roi Jacques 1er Stuart à attaquer l’Espagne.

Une main-d’œuvre à bon marché

Mais la cause principale était évidemment de se procurer au moindre coût une énorme main-d’œuvre. Celle-ci étant par exemple nécessaire à la réalisation des projets pharaoniques du sultan alaouite Moulay Ismaïl qui régna de 1672 à 1727 et dont l’obsession était de surpasser Louis XIV, qu’il sommait d’ailleurs de se convertir à l’islam… Ce qui n’empêchait d’ailleurs pas ce fervent musulman de se saouler rituellement à mort pour fêter la fin du ramadan ! Pour que son ensemble palatial de Meknès, avec notamment le Dar el-Mansour, « haut de plus de cinquante mètres », fût infiniment plus vaste et plus imposant que Versailles, le monarque avait donc besoin d’une masse d’ouvriers mais aussi d’artisans, de contremaîtres et d’architectes que seuls pouvaient lui procurer les pirates écumant les côtes européennes. Selon l’historien arabe Ahmad al-Zayyani cité par Milton, il y eut simultanément à Meknès jusqu’à 25 000 esclaves européens, soit une population « à peu près égale à celle d’Alger ».

Certes, il y avait un moyen pour les captifs d’adoucir leur servitude : embrasser l’islam, comme l’avait fait le renégat hollandais Jan Janszoon, devenus l’un des plus redoutables et des plus riches chefs pirates sous le nom de Mourad Raïs. Mais la foi étant encore si grande et si profonde à l’époque, bien peu s’y résolurent, préférant l’enfer sur terre à l’Enfer au Ciel.

Car c’est bien la géhenne que ces malheureux subissaient sous la férule d’une sanguinaire Garde noire, qui terrorisait autant qu’elle surveillait. Ces Noirs, « d’une hauteur prodigieuse, d’un regard épouvantable et d’une voix aussi terrible que l’aboiement de Cerbère » selon l’ancien esclave français Germain Moüette, n’hésitaient pas à recourir aux châtiments les plus extrêmes, voire à la peine capitale, à l’encontre des prisonniers rétifs, ou simplement trop malades et donc incapable de fournir le labeur exigé d’eux malgré les rations de vin et d’eau-de-vie procurées par les juifs, courtiers habituels entre les pirates et Moulay Ismaïl.

Non content de procéder aux pires profanations — après la prise de la place-forte espagnole de la Memora en 1688, le souverain alaouite se fit apporter les statues de la Vierge et des saints afin qu’il puisse « cracher sur elles » avant de les faire briser— Moulay Ismaïl prenait grand plaisir au spectacle de la torture. Selon le récit de Harrison, ambassadeur anglais venu négocier le rachat de ses compatriotes et surtout des femmes, le sultan, qui se déplaçait volontiers sur un « char doré, tiré non par des chevaux mais par un attelage d’épouses et d’eunuques », pour la plupart européens, « faisait battre les hommes presque à mort en sa présence, certains sous la plante des pieds et il les forçait ensuite à courir sur des cailloux et des épines. Certains des esclaves avaient été traînés par des chevaux jusqu’à être mis en pièces. D’autres avaient même été démembrés alors qu’ils étaient encore vivants, leurs doigts et orteils coupés aux articulations ; bras et jambes, tête, etc. »

L’un des chapitres les plus sombres de l’histoire de l’humanité

Un traitement sadique que ne subirent jamais les victimes de la traite triangulaire. « Etre esclave en Géorgie, voilà le vœu d’un ouvrier lyonnais », devait d’ailleurs écrire l’humoriste français Alphonse Karr à la veille de la guerre de Sécession. Certes, tous les « captifs en Barbarie », et notamment au Maroc, pays dont on nous dit être de haute civilisation et profondément humaniste, ne furent pas traités de manière aussi inhumaine. Comme dans d’autres camps, plus récents, beaucoup succombèrent non sous les coups ou la question, mais du fait d’épidémies décimant des organismes affaiblis par la faim, le froid des nuits d’hiver et surtout une promiscuité immonde, les esclaves regroupés dans des cellules surpeuplées vivant dans leurs immondices.

Nul ne saurait bien sûr, et surtout pas notre Nomenklatura politique (Nicolas et Carla Sarkozy, Jacques et Bernadette Chirac, Dominique et Anne Strauss-Kahn, Béatrice et Jean-Louis Borloo, Patrick et Isabelle Balkany, Ségolène Royal, Jean-Paul Huchon et quelques autres) qui vient de passer Noël au Maroc, exiger une repentance en bonne et due forme de la part de « notre ami le roi » Mohamed VI, actuel descendant de l’Alaouite Moulay Ismaïl. Mais l’Ecole de la République, si prolixe sur le sort des esclaves noirs, ne pourrait-elle du moins renseigner nos chères têtes blondes, et autres, sur ce que fut de l’autre côté de la Méditerranée le sort des esclaves blancs ? Cette ordalie subie par plus d’un million d’Européens constitue, Giles Milton est formel sur ce point, « l’un des chapitres les plus sombres de l’histoire de l’humanité ». Pourquoi en est-elle aussi le chapitre le plus systématiquement occulté ?

Claude Lorne
08/01/2011

Giles. Milton, Captifs en Barbarie / L’histoire extraordinaire des esclaves européens en terre d’Islam, traduction de l’anglais de Florence Bertrand, Payot coll. Petite Bibliothèque, 2008, 343 pages, 9,50€

Correspondance Polémia – 09/01/2011

Voreilige Verunglimpfung

Budapester-Zeitung-Logo.jpg

Voreilige Verunglimpfung

Von Jan Mainka

Ex: http://www.jungefreiheit.de/

Für viele deutsche Politiker und Medien ist es eine unangenehme Tatsache, daß in einem Mitgliedsstaat der EU, nämlich Ungarn, eine kompromißlos konservative Partei mit einer soliden Zweidrittelmehrheit regiert und sich in der Bevölkerung noch immer einer ungebrochen hohen Unterstützung erfreut.

Daß dieses Land – angeblich auf dem „Marsch in den Führerstaat“ (Die Welt) – nun kraft der EU-Ratspräsidentschaft den „guten“ EU-Staaten vorstehen soll, ist für manchen im Westen offenbar zuviel. 

Doch, was für ein Geschenk des Himmels: Einige Wochen vor der Amtsübernahme machte der im Umgang mit seinen Kritikern nicht eben diplomatische ungarische Regierungschef, Viktor Orbán, Avancen, ein neues Mediengesetz zu erlassen.

Gesetzestext war noch gar nicht übersetzt

Obwohl der endgültige Text des Gesetzes zunächst nur auf Ungarisch veröffentlicht und erst am Montag in englischer Übersetzung nach Brüssel übermittelt wurde, konnten sich schon Wochen vorher die Kritiker im Ausland zum Inhalt äußern.

So treffsicher, daß die ungarische Opposition ihre Angriffe auf Gesetz und Regierung zu wesentlichen Teilen aus den scharfsinnigen Kommentaren der deutschen Rezensenten speisen konnte.

Jan Mainka ist Gründer und Herausgeber der Budapester Zeitung

Die USA vor der Staatspleite

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Michael WIESBERG:

Die USA vor der Staatspleite

Ex: http://www.jungefreiheit.de/

Um an dieser Stelle gleich den Faden meines letzten Blogs aufzunehmen,
in dem unter anderem von dem maroden US-Staatshaushalt und den Konsequenzen für die globale Hegemoniestellung der USA die Rede war. Die besorgte Analyse, die einige Autoren in der Nov./Dez.-Ausgabe der Zeitschrift Foreign Affairs ausbreiteten, hat gleich zu Jahresbeginn eine dramatische Zuspitzung erfahren. Kein Geringerer nämlich als der amtierende US-Finanzminister Timothy Geithner hat die Kongreßabgeordneten vor einer drohenden Staatspleite der Vereinigten Staaten gewarnt.

Laut Geithner könnten die Konsequenzen einer derartigen Pleite die Auswirkungen der Finanzkrise des Jahres 2008 noch übertreffen. Eine Einschätzung, die von Obamas „Top-Wirtschaftsberater“ Austan Goolsbee geteilt wird, der die Folgen für die US-Wirtschaft als „katastrophal“ charakterisierte. Die Staatspleite der USA wäre ein Vorgang, der „in der Geschichte der USA noch nie dagewesen“ sei.

Die „größte Haushaltserosion der Geschichte“

Derzeit seien die USA laut Medienmeldungen nur noch 400 Milliarden Dollar von der (derzeitigen) Obergrenze für die gesamte US-Staatsverschuldung entfernt, die bei knapp 15 Billionen Dollar liegt. Den USA stehen daher empfindliche Einschnitte im Etat bevor. Obama hat hier insbesondere die Rentenversicherung, Sozialausgaben, aber auch Agrarsubventionen und den Militärhaushalt im Auge.

Abenteuerlich wirkt in diesem Zusammenhang die Forderung der Republikaner nach weiteren Steuersenkungen. Dies auch deshalb, weil die Steuersenkungen der Jahre 2001 und 2003 unter US-Präsident George W. Bush entscheidend zur Schieflage des US-Staatshaushaltes beigetragen haben, wie zum Beispiel Roger C. Altman und Richard N. Haass, derzeit Präsident des Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), in ihrem Beitrag für die obengenannte Foreign Affairs-Ausgabe hervorhoben.

Gründe für die Schieflage

Dieser Schritt, in Verbindung mit den Kosten für die Zuschüsse für rezeptpflichtige Medikamente und die horrenden Kosten der Interventionen im Irak und in Afghanistan, die der CFR-Alterspräsident Leslie H. Gelb auf aktuell rund drei Billionen Dollar bezifferte, haben die US-Staatsausgaben in massive Schieflage gebracht.

George W. Bush sei, so Gelb, gezwungen gewesen, die strikten Budgetvorschriften der 1990er Jahre zu liquidieren, um den Spreizschritt zwischen Kräften, die auf Steuersenkungen pochten, und steigenden Ansprüchen an den Staat vollziehen zu können. Das Ergebnis ist ein ständig größer werdendes Defizit. Gelbs Urteil im Hinblick auf die Ära Bush fällt unmißverständlich aus: „Die acht Jahre der Regierung Bush brachten die größte Haushaltserosion in der Geschichte der Vereinigten Staaten.“

„Apokalyptische“ Perspektiven

Am Ende dieser Regierung, das wird man an dieser Stelle ergänzen dürfen, stand überdies der Ausbruch der Finanzkrise, der weitere exorbitante Belastungen für das Haushaltsbudget brachte. „Apokalyptisch“ nennen Altman/Haass die weiteren Perspektiven für den Staatshalt: Einmal, weil aufgrund der wie in Europa besorgniserregenden demographischen Entwicklung die Gesundheitskosten schon bald in die Höhe schnellen werden.

Zum anderen, weil – bei einem schwachen Wirtschaftswachstum – die Kosten für den Zinsendienst analog zur Schuldenhöhe exponential steigen könnten. Die Schlußfolgerung der beiden Autoren ist eindeutig: „Der Schuldenstand könnte schon bald in stratosphärische Dimensionen durchstoßen.“

Obamas eigentliche Bewährungsprobe

Die Regierung Obama steht derzeit vor ihrer eigentlichen Bewährungsprobe. Sie wird an Steuererhöhungen und, wie bisher so oft, an einer Anhebung der Schuldengrenze, für die sie freilich die Zustimmung der Republikaner braucht, nicht vorbeikommen. Möglicherweise hat Geithner auch deswegen das Schreckensszenario einer „Staatspleite“ in die Debatte eingebracht.

Insbesondere beim Thema Steuererhöhungen sind harte Auseinandersetzungen zu erwarten. Dieses Thema ist in den USA eine Glaubensfrage; entsprechend werden Auseinandersetzungen um dieses Thema in „theologischen Begriffen“ debattiert, wie Altman und Haass betonen. Keine Frage: Die Vereinigten Staaten stehen derzeit an einem Wendepunkt. Selbst wenn Geithners Drohung mit der „Staatspleite“ innenpolitischen Motiven geschuldet ist: Die Supermacht droht im Morast ihrer Schuldenlast zu versinken und könnte ihre bisherige wirtschaftliche Dominanz an China verlieren.

Les confessions d'un Danubien

Despotica, modes d’emploi : les confessions d’un Danubien

par André WAROCH

slobo.jpgQuand j’étais adolescent, le monde orthodoxe et/ou balkanique m’apparaissait comme peuplé de sauvages, prêts à s’étriper pour un morceau de territoire perdu lors d’une obscure guerre antique.

Je me rappelle que mon frère et moi, en regardant à la télévision un match de tennis opposant Yevgeny Kafelnikov à Goran Ivanisevic, plaisantions sur le  fait qu’Ivanisevic voulait gagner à tout prix, les Russes ayant probablement, il y a quelques décennies, incendié son village et violé sa grand-mère.

Mon premier contact avec Slobodan Despot fut la lecture d’un article sur la question slave en Europe, article qui fut le point de départ d’une réflexion que je menais, à mon tour, sur cette partie de l’Europe ayant rejeté le centralisme vaticaniste et l’alphabet latin.

Si ce texte m’avait marqué, en revanche le nom et le prénom de l’auteur s’étaient complètement effacés de mon esprit. C’est ainsi qu’à la suite d’un de mes articles publiés sur Europe Maxima et intitulé « L’Europe et la civilisation orthodoxe » (1), Georges Feltin-Tracol me fit parvenir un message de félicitations provenant d’un certain Slobodan Despot, qui m’apparut évidemment d’emblée comme extrêmement sympathique.

Je finis par faire le rapprochement entre l’homme qui, le premier, avait fait naître chez moi une curiosité certaine pour l’Europe orientale, et celui qui me félicitait, quelques années plus tard, pour la pertinence de mes propos.

Ironie de l’affaire, l’article qui me valait ces louanges contenait, entre autres, une critique virulente de certains propos de Dominique Venner, rédacteur en chef de la Nouvelle Revue d’Histoire. Or, c’est la N.R.H. qui avait publié le fameux texte de Despot sur la question slave, au début des années 2000.

Aujourd’hui, Slobodan Despot nous livre donc Despotica, modes d’emploi, ouvrage constitué de courts textes, de fragments, d’observations. Supérieurement écrits, les textes de Despotica prennent le même chemin que les eaux du Danube, en inversant le sens du courant : prenant leur source quelque part à l’Est, ils s’écoulent lentement vers l’Ouest à travers les Balkans, puis, arrivés au bout de leur périple, se perdent en Occident.

L’auteur nous parle de la Serbie, de sa fille, de la mort d’un ami, de l’Europe malade, de Robert Plant, de Linda Lemay. « Éditeur insoumis et provocant, Slobodan Despot apparaît dans ses propres textes plus méditatif et plus poétique à la fois. » La quatrième de couverture ne ment pas. L’auteur n’est pas un polémiste acharné, remuant avec frénésie son couteau de Tchetnik dans les plaies purulentes de l’Occident. Il gravite pourtant dans un univers souvent ultra-politisé ou se croisent, selon ses propres termes, « guerriers et pamphlétaires », nationalistes français, russes, serbes, gauchistes révolutionnaires, libertariens, irrédentistes de toutes obédiences.

Il y a chez Slobodan Despot cette modestie, ce goût des autres, cette normalité, cette absence de mégalomanie qui lui ont fait choisir le métier d’éditeur. On chercherait en vain dans quelque paragraphe de son livre la moindre trace de haine, d’aigreur et de ressentiment, même quand il défend son pays, la Serbie, martyrisée par une coalition occidentalo-islamo-croate, amputé du Kossovo comme on vous amputerait du cœur. Mais il y a de l’amour chez Despot, chrétien authentique qui ne porte en lui aucune trace de cette perversité, de ce cynisme immonde qui ont fait de l’Europe occidentale leur terre d’élection, et particulièrement en France, qui n’est pas pour rien le pays de La Rochefoucauld.

Slobodan Despot n’est pas un guerrier : mais c’est un rebelle de fait. Il ne vit pas dans le monde moderne, ce monde moderne qui a tellement dévoré l’Occident qu’il est presque devenu son synonyme. Pour cette raison, certains ont voulu cesser d’utiliser, indifféremment,  les mots Europe et Occident pour désigner la même civilisation terminale. Mais qu’est-ce qui fait que l’Europe ne se confond pas encore complètement avec l’Occident/monde moderne, si ce n’est l’orthodoxie ?

A contrario de ses activités éditoriales, il y a chez Despot une douceur, une lenteur, une littérature qu’il faut peut-être chercher dans ses origines. Citoyen suisse d’origine serbe, de langue française et de religion orthodoxe, il connaît de l’intérieur les deux parties de l’Europe. Mais il n’est pas qu’un individu coincé entre ces deux masses gigantesques que sont l’ex-Chrétienté et les fils de Byzance.

La Serbie et la Suisse font de cet homme, issu de deux empires, un provincial de l’Europe, pour être plus précis : un Danubien.

André Waroch

Note

1 : Ce texte ne figure plus sur le présent site. Il se trouve désormais dans André Waroch, Les Larmes d’Europe, préface de Georges Feltin-Tracol, Le Polémarque Éditions, Nancy, 2010 (N.D.L.R.).

• Slobodan Despot, Despotica. Modes d’emploi, préface de Michel Maffesoli, Éditions Xénia, coll. « Franchises », 176 p., 16 €.


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Postmodern Challenges: Between Faust & Narcissus

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Robert STEUCKERS (1987):

Postmodern Challenges:
Between Faust & Narcissus, Part 1

In Oswald Spengler’s terms, our European culture is the product of a “pseudomorphosis,” i.e., of the grafting of an alien mentality upon our indigenous, original, and innate mentality. Spengler calls the innate mentality “the Faustian.”

The Confrontation of the Innate and the Acquired

The alien mentality is the theocentric, “magical” outlook born in the Near East. For the magical mind, the ego bows respectfully before the divine substance like a slave before his master. Within the framework of this religiosity, the individual lets himself be guided by the divine force that he absorbs through baptism or initiation.

There is nothing comparable for the old-European Faustian spirit, says Spengler. Homo europeanus, in spite of the magic/Christian varnish covering our thinking, has a voluntarist and anthropocentric religiosity. For us, the good is not to allow oneself to be guided passively by God, but rather to affirm and carry out our own will. “To be able to choose,” this is the ultimate basis of the indigenous European religiosity. In medieval Christianity, this voluntarist religiosity shows through, piercing the crust of the imported “magism” of the Middle East.

Around the year 1000, this dynamic voluntarism appears gradually in art and literary epics, coupled with a sense of infinite space within which the Faustian self would, and can, expand. Thus to the concept of a closed space, in which the self finds itself locked, is opposed the concept of an infinite space, into which an adventurous self sallies forth.

 

From the “Closed” World to the Infinite Universe

According to the American philosopher Benjamin Nelson,[1] the old Hellenic sense of physis (nature), with all the dynamism this implies, triumphed at the end of the 13th century, thanks to Averroism, which transmitted the empirical wisdom of the Greeks (and of Aristotle in particular) to the West. Gradually, Europe passed from the “closed world” to the infinite universe. Empiricism and nominalism supplanted a Scholasticism that had been entirely discursive, self-referential, and self-enclosed. The Renaissance, following Copernicus and Bruno (the tragic martyr of Campo dei Fiori), renounced geocentrism, making it safe to proclaim that the universe is infinite, an essentially Faustian intuition according to Spengler’s criteria.

In the second volume of his History of Western Thought, Jean-François Revel, who formerly officiated at Point and unfortunately illustrated the Americanocentric occidentalist ideology, writes quite pertinently: It is easy to understand that the eternity and infinity of the universe announced by Bruno could have had, on the cultivated men of the time, the traumatizing effect of passing from life in the womb into the vast and cruel draft of an icy and unbounded vortex.”[2]

The “magic” fear, the anguish caused by the collapse of the comforting certitude of geocentrism, caused the cruel death of Bruno, that would become, all told, a terrifying apotheosis . . . Nothing could ever refute heliocentrism, or the theory of the infinitude of sidereal spaces. Pascal would say, in resignation, with the accent of regret: “The eternal silence of these infinite spaces frightens me.”

 

From Theocratic Logos to Fixed Reason

To replace magical thought’s “theocratic logos,” the growing and triumphant bourgeois thought would elaborate a thought centered on reason, an abstract reason before which it is necessary to bow, like the Near Easterner bows before his god. The “bourgeois” student of this “petty little reason,” virtuous and calculating, anxious to suppress the impulses of his soul or his spirit, thus finds a comfortable finitude, a closed off and secured space. The rationalism of this virtuous human type is not the adventurous, audacious, ascetic, and creative rationalism described by Max Weber[3] which educates the inner man precisely to face the infinitude affirmed by Giordano Bruno.[4]

 

From the end of the Renaissance, Two Modernities are Juxtaposed

The petty rationalism denounced by Sombart[5] dominates the cities by rigidifying political thought, by restricting constructive activist impulses. The genuinely Faustian and conquering rationalism described by Max Weber would propel European humanity outside its initial territorial limits, giving the main impulse to all sciences of the concrete.

From the end of the Renaissance, we thus discover, on the one hand, a rigid and moralistic modernity, without vitality, and, on the other hand, an adventurous, conquering, creative modernity, just as we are today on the threshold of a soft post-modernity or of a vibrant post-modernity, self-assured and potentially innovative. By recognizing the ambiguity of the terms “rationalism,” “rationality,” “modernity,” and “post-modernity,” we enter one level of the domain of political ideologies, even militant Weltanschauungen.

The rationalization glutted with moral arrogance described by Sombart in his famous portrait of the “bourgeois” generates the soft and sentimental messianisms, the great tranquillizing narratives of contemporary ideologies. The conquering rationalization described by Max Weber causes the great scientific discoveries and the methodical spirit, the ingenious refinement of the conduct of life and increasing mastery of the external world.

This conquering rationalization also has its dark side: It disenchants the world, drains it, excessively schematizes it. While specializing in one or another domain of technology, science, or the spirit, while being totally invested there, the “Faustians” of Europe and North America often lead to a leveling of values, a relativism that tends to mediocrity because it makes us lose the feeling of the sublime, of the telluric mystique, and increasingly isolates individuals. In our century, the rationality lauded by Weber, if positive at the beginning, collapsed into quantitativist and mechanized Americanism that instinctively led by way of compensation, to the spiritual supplement of religious charlatanism combining the most delirious proselytism and sniveling religiosity.

Such is the fate of “Faustianism” when severed from its mythic foundations, of its memory of the most ancient, of its deepest and most fertile soil. This caesura is unquestionably the result of pseudomorphosis, the “magian” graft on the Faustian/European trunk, a graft that failed. “Magianism” could not immobilize the perpetual Faustian drive; it has—and this is more dangerous—cut it off from its myths and memory, condemned it to sterility and dessication, as noted by Valéry, Rilke, Duhamel, Céline, Drieu, Morand, Maurois, Heidegger, or Abellio.

 

Conquering Rationality, Moralizing Rationality, the Dialectic of Enlightenment, the “Grand Narratives” of Lyotard

Conquering rationality, if it is torn away from its founding myths, from its ethno-identitarian ground, its Indo-European matrix, falls—even after assaults that are impetuous, inert, emptied of substance—into the snares of calculating petty rationalism and into the callow ideology of the “Grand Narratives” of rationalism and the end of ideology. For Jean-François Lyotard, “modernity” in Europe is essentially the “Grand Narrative” of the Enlightenment, in which the heroes of knowledge work peacefully and morally toward an ethico-political happy ending: universal peace, where no antagonism will remain.[6] The “modernity” of Lyotard corresponds to the famous “Dialectic of the Enlightenment” of Horkheimer and Adorno, leaders of famous “Frankfurt School.”[7] In their optic, the work of the man of science or the action of the politician, must be submitted to a rational reason, an ethical corpus, a fixed and immutable moral authority, to a catechism that slows down their drive, that limits their Faustian ardor. For Lyotard, the end of modernity, thus the advent of “post-modernity,” is incredulity—progressive, cunning, fatalistic, ironic, mocking—with regard to this metanarrative.

Incredulity also means a possible return of the Dionysian, the irrational, the carnal, the turbid, and disconcerting areas of the human soul revealed by Bataille or Caillois, as envisaged and hoped by professor Maffesoli,[8] of the University of Strasbourg, and the German Bergfleth,[9] a young nonconformist philosopher; that is to say, it is equally possible that we will see a return of the Faustian spirit, a spirit comparable with that which bequeathed us the blazing Gothic, of a conquering rationality which has reconnected with its old European dynamic mythology, as Guillaume Faye explains in Europe and Modernity.[10]

Notes

1. Benjamin Nelson, Der Ursprung der Moderne, Vergleichende Studien zum Zivilisationsprozess [The Origin of Modernity: Comparative Studies of the Civilization Process] (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1986).

2. Jean-François Revel, Histoire de la pensée occidentale [History of Western Thought], vol. 2, La philosophie pendant la science (XVe, XVIe et XVIIe siècles) [Philosophy and Science (Fifteenth-, Sixteenth-, and Seventeenth-Centuries)] (Paris: Stock, 1970). Cf. also the masterwork of Alexandre Koyré, From the Closed World to the Infinite Universe (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1957).

3. Cf. Julien Freund, Max Weber (Paris: P.U.F., 1969).

4. Paul-Henri Michel, La cosmologie de Giordano Bruno [The Cosmology of Giordano Bruno] (Paris: Hermann, 1962).

5. Cf. essentially: Werner Sombart, Le Bourgeois. Contribution à l’histoire morale et intellectuelle de l’homme économique moderne [The Bourgeois: Contribution to the Moral and Intellectual History of Modern Economic Man] (Paris: Payot, 1966).

6. Jean-François Lyotard, The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge, trans. Geoff Bennington and Brian Massumi. (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1984).

7. Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adomo, The Dialectic of Enlightenment, trans. Edmund Jephcott (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2002). Cf. also Pierre Zima, L’École de Francfort. Dialectique de la particularité [The Frankfurt School: Dialectic of Particularity] (Paris: Éditions Universitaires, 1974). Michel Crozon, “Interroger Horkheimer” [“Interrogating Horkheimer”] and Arno Victor Nielsen, “Adorno, le travail artistique de la raison” [“Adorno: The Artistic Work of Reason”], Esprit, May 1978.

8. Cf. chiefly Michel Maffesoli, L’ombre de Dionysos: Contribution à une sociologie de l’orgie [The Shadow of Dionysus: Contribution to a Sociology of the Orgy] (Méridiens, 1982). Pierre Brader, “Michel Maffesoli: saluons le grand retour de Dionysos” [Michel Maffesoli: Let us Greet the Great return of Dionysos], Magazine-Hebdo no. 54 (September 21, 1984).

9. Cf. Gerd Bergfleth et al., Zur Kritik der Palavernden Aufklärung [Toward a Critique of Palavering Reason] (Munich: Matthes & Seitz, 1984). In this remarkable little anthology, Bergfleth published four texts deadly to the “moderno-Frankfurtist” routine: (1) “Zehn Thesen zur Vernunftkritik” [“Ten Theses on the Critique of Reason”]; (2) “Der geschundene Marsyas” [“The Abuse of Marsyas”]; (3) “Über linke Ironie” [“On Leftist Irony”]; (4) “Die zynische Aufklärung” [“The Cynical Enlightnement”]. Cf. also R. Steuckers, “G. Bergfleth: enfant terrible de la scène philosophique allemande” [“G. Bergfleth: enfant terrible of the German philosophical scene”], Vouloir no. 27 (March 1986). In the same issue, see also M. Kamp, “Bergfleth: critique de la raison palabrante” [“Bergfleth: Critique of Palavering Reason”] and “Une apologie de la révolte contre les programmes insipides de la révolution conformiste” [“An Apology for the Revolt against the Insipid Programs of the Conformist Revolution”]. See also M. Froissard, “Révolte, irrationnel, cosmicité et . . . pseudo-antisémitisme,” [“Revolt, irrationality, cosmicity and . . . pseudo-anti-semitism”], Vouloir nos. 40–42 (July–August 1987).

10. Guillaume Faye, Europe et Modernité [Europe and Modernity] (Méry/Liège: Eurograf, 1985).

Postmodern Challenges:
Between Faust & Narcissus, Part 2

Once the Enlightenment metanarrative was established—“encysted”—in the Western mind, the great secular ideologies progressively appeared: liberalism, with its idolatry of the “invisible hand,”[1] and Marxism, with its strong determinism and metaphysics of history, contested at the dawn of the 20th century by Georges Sorel, the most sublime figure of European militant socialism.[2] Following Giorgio Locchi[3]—who occasionally calls the metanarrative “ideology” or “science”—we think that this complex “metanarrative/ideology/science” no longer rules by consensus but by constraint, inasmuch as there is muted resistance (especially in art and music[4]) or a general disuse of the metanarrative as one of the tools of legitimation.

The liberal-Enlightenment metanarrative persists by dint of force and propaganda. But in the sphere of thought, poetry, music, art, or letters, this metanarrative says and inspires nothing. It has not moved a great mind for 100 or 150 years. Already at the end of the 19th century, literary modernism expressed a diversity of languages, a heterogeneity of elements, a kind of disordered chaos that the “physiologist” Nietzsche analyzed[5] and that Hugo von Hoffmannstahl called die Welt der Bezuge (the world of relations).

These omnipresent interrelations and overdeterminations show us that the world is not explained by a simple, neat and tidy story, nor does it submit itself to the rule of a disincarnated moral authority. Better: they show us that our cities, our people, cannot express all their vital potentialities within the framework of an ideology given and instituted once and for all for everyone, nor can we indefinitely preserve the resulting institutions (the doctrinal body derived from the “metanarrative of the Enlightenment”).

The anachronistic presence of the metanarrative constitutes a brake on the development of our continent in all fields: science (data-processing and biotechnology[6]), economics (the support of liberal dogmas within the EEC), military (the fetishism of a bipolar world and servility toward the United States, paradoxically an economic enemy), cultural (media bludgeoning in favor of a cosmopolitanism that eliminates Faustian specificity and aims at the advent of a large convivial global village, run on the principles of the “cold society” in the manner of the Bororos dear to Lévi-Strauss[7]).

 

The Rejection of Neo-Ruralism, Neo-Pastoralism . . .

The confused disorder of literary modernism at the end of the 19th century had a positive aspect: its role was to be the magma that, gradually, becomes the creator of a new Faustian assault.[8] It is Weimar—specifically, the Weimar-arena of the creative and fertile confrontation of expressionism,[9] neo-Marxism, and the “conservative revolution”[10]—that bequeathed us, with Ernst Jünger, an idea of “post-metanarrative” modernity (or post-modernity, if one calls “modernity” the Dialectic of the Enlightenment, subsequently theorized by the Frankfurt School). Modernism, with the confusion it inaugurates, due to the progressive abandonment the pseudo-science of the Enlightenment, corresponds somewhat to the nihilism observed by Nietzsche. Nihilism must be surmounted, exceeded, but not by a sentimental return, however denied, to a completed past. Nihilism is not surpassed by theatrical Wagnerism, Nietzsche fulminated, just as today the foundering of the Marxist “Grand Narrative” is not surpassed by a pseudo-rustic neoprimitivism.[11]

In Jünger—the Jünger of In Storms of Steel, The Worker, and Eumeswil—one finds no reference to the mysticism of the soil: only a sober admiration for the perennialness of the peasant, indifferent to historical upheavals. Jünger tells us of the need for balance: if there is a total refusal of the rural, of the soil, of the stabilizing dimension of Heimat, constructivist Faustian futurism will no longer have a base, a point of departure, a fallback option. On the other hand, if the accent is placed too much on the initial base, the launching point, on the ecological niche that gives rise to the Faustian people, then they are wrapped in a cocoon and deprived of universal influence, rendered blind to the call of the world, prevented from springing towards reality in all its plenitude, the “exotic” included. The timid return to the homeland robs Faustianism of its force of diffusion and relegates its “human vessels” to the level of the “eternal ahistoric peasants” described by Spengler and Eliade.[12] Balance consists in drawing in (from the depths of the original soil) and diffusing out (towards the outside world).

In spite of all nostalgia for the “organic,” rural, or pastoral—in spite of the serene, idyllic, aesthetic beauty that recommend Horace or Virgil—Technology and Work are from now on the essences of our post-nihilist world. Nothing escapes any longer from technology, technicality, mechanics, or the machine: neither the peasant who plows with his tractor nor the priest who plugs in a microphone to give more impact to his homily.

 

The era of “Technology”

Technology mobilizes totally (Total Mobilmachung) and thrusts the individual into an unsettling infinitude where we are nothing more than interchangeable cogs. The machine gun, notes the warrior Jünger, mows down the brave and the cowardly with perfect equality, as in the total material war inaugurated in 1917 in the tank battles of the French front. The Faustian “Ego” loses its intraversion and drowns in a ceaseless vortex of activity. This Ego, having fashioned the stone lacework and spires of the flamboyant Gothic, has fallen into American quantitativism or, confused and hesitant, has embraced the 20th century’s flood of information, its avalanche of concrete facts. It was our nihilism, our frozen indecision due to an exacerbated subjectivism, that mired us in the messy mud of facts.

By crossing the “line,” as Heidegger and Jünger say,[13] the Faustian monad (about which Leibniz[14] spoke) cancels its subjectivism and finds pure power, pure dynamism, in the universe of Technology. With the Jüngerian approach, the circle is closed again: as the closed universe of “magism” was replaced by the inauthentic little world of the bourgeois—sedentary, timid, embalmed in his utilitarian sphere—so the dynamic “Faustian” universe is replaced with a Technological arena, stripped this time of all subjectivism.

Jüngerian Technology sweeps away the false modernity of the Enlightenment metanarrative, the hesitation of late 19th century literary modernism, and the trompe-l’oeil of Wagnerism and neo-pastoralism. But this Jüngerian modernity, perpetually misunderstood since the publication of Der Arbeiter [The Worker] in 1932, remains a dead letter.

Notes

1. On the theological foundation of the doctrine of the “invisible hand” see Hans Albert, “Modell-Platonismus. Der neoklassische Stil des ökonomischen Denkens in kritischer Beleuchtung” [“Model Platonism: The Neoclassical Style of Economic Thought in Critical Elucidation”], in Ernst Topitsch, ed., Logik der Sozialwissenschaften [Logic of Social Science] (Köln/Berlin: Kiepenheuer & Witsch, 1971).

2. There is abundant French literature on Georges Sorel. Nevertheless, it is deplorable that a biography and analysis as valuable as Michael Freund’s has not been translated: Michael Freund, Georges Sorel, Der revolutionäre Konservatismus [Georges Sorel: Revolutionary Conservatism] (Frankfurt a.M.: Vittorio Klostermann, 1972).

3. Cf. G. Locchi, “Histoire et société: critique de Lévi-Strauss” [“History and Society: Critique of Lévi-Strauss”], Nouvelle Ecole, no. 17 (March 1972) and “L’histoire” [“History”], Nouvelle Ecole, nos. 2728 (January 1976).

4. Cf. G. Locchi, “L’idée de la musique’ et le temps de l’histoire” [“The ‘Idea of Music’ and the Times of History”], Nouvelle Ecole, no. 30 (November 1978) and Vincent Samson, “Musique, métaphysique et destin” [“Music, Metaphysics, and Destiny”], Orientations, no. 9 (September 1987).

5. Cf. Helmut Pfotenhauer, Die Kunst als Physiologie: Nietzsches äesthetische Theorie und literarische Produktion [Art as Physiology: Nietzsche’s Aesthetic Theory and Literary Production] (Stuttgart: J. B. Metzler, 1985). Cf. on Pfotenhauer’s book: Robert Steuckers, “Regards nouveaux sur Nietzsche” [“New Views of Nietzsche”], Orientations, no. 9.

6. Biotechnology and the most recent biocybernetic innovations, when applied to the operation of human society, fundamentally call into question the mechanistic theoretical foundations of the “Grand Narrative” of the Enlightenment. Less rigid, more flexible laws, because adapted to the deep drives of human psychology and physiology, would restore a dynamism to our societies and put them in tune with technological innovations. The Grand Narrative—which is always around, in spite of its anachronism—blocks the evolution of our societies; Habermas’ thought, which categorically refuses to fall in step with the epistemological discoveries of Konrad Lorenz, for example, illustrates perfectly the genuinely reactionary rigidity of the neo-Enlightenment in its Frankfurtist and current neo-liberal derivations. To understand the shift that is taking place regardless of the liberal-Frankfurtist reaction, see the work of the German bio-cybernetician Frederic Vester: (1) Unsere Welt—ein vernetztes System, dtv, no. l0,118, 2nd ed. (München, 1983) and (2) Neuland des Denkens. Vom technokratischen zum kybernetischen Zeitalter (Stuttgart: DVA, 1980). The restoration of holist (ganzheitlich) social thought by modern biology is discussed, most notably, in Gilbert Probst, Selbst-Organisation, Ordnungsprozesse in sozialen Systemen aus ganzheitlicher Sicht (Berlin: Paul Parey, 1987).

7. G. Locchi, “L’idée de la musique’ et le temps de l’histoire.”

8. To tackle the question of the literary modernism in the 19th century, see: M. Bradbury, J. McFarlane, eds., Modernism 1890–1930 (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1976).

9. Cf. Paul Raabe, ed., Expressionismus. Der Kampf um eine literarische Bewegung (Zürich: Arche, 1987)—A useful anthology of the principal expressionist manifestos.

10. Armin Mohler, La Révolution Conservatrice en Allemagne, 1918–1932 (Puiseaux: Pardès, 1993). See mainly text A3 entitled “Leitbilder” (“Guiding Ideas”).

11. Cf. Gérard Raulet, “Mantism and the Post-Modern Conditions” and Claude Karnoouh, “The Lost Paradise of Regionalism: The Crisis of Post-Modernity in France,” Telos, no. 67 (March 1986).

12. Cf. Oswald Spengler, The Decline of the West, 2 vols., trans. Charles Francis Atkinson (New York: Knopf, 1926) for the definition of the “ahistorical peasant” see vol. 2. Cf. Mircea Eliade, The Sacred and the Profane: The Nature of Religion, trans. Willard R. Trask (San Diego: Harcourt, 1959). For the place of this vision of the “peasant” in the contemporary controversy regarding neo-paganism, see: Richard Faber, “Einleitung: ‘Pagan’ und Neo-Paganismus. Versuch einer Begriffsklärung,” in Richard Faber and Renate Schlesier, Die Restauration der Götter: Antike Religion und Neo-Paganismus [The Restoration of the Gods: Ancient Religion and Neo-Paganism] (Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann, 1986), 10–25. This text was reviewed in French by Robert Steuckers, “Le paganisme vu de Berlin” [“Paganism as Seen in Berlin”], Vouloir no. 28–29, April 1986, pp. 5–7.

13. On the question of the “line” in Jünger and Heidegger, cf. W. Kaempfer, Ernst Jünger, Sammlung Metzler, Band 20l (Stuttgart, Metzler, 1981), pp. 119–29. Cf also J. Evola, “Devant le ‘mur du temps’” [“Before the ‘Wall of Time’”] in Explorations: Hommes et problems [Explorations: Men and Problems], trans. Philippe Baillet (Puiseaux: Pardès, 1989), pp. 183–94. Let us take this opportunity to recall that, contrary to the generally accepted idea, Heidegger does not reject technology in a reactionary manner, nor does he regard it as dangerous in itself. The danger is due to the failure to think of the mystery of its essence, preventing man from returning to a more originary unconcealment and from hearing the call of a more primordial truth. If the age of technology seems to be the final form of the Oblivion of Being, where the anxiety suitable to thought appears as an absence of anxiety in the securing and the objectification of being, it is also from this extreme danger that the possibility of another beginning is thinkable once the metaphysics of subjectivity is completed.

14. To assess the importance of Leibniz in the development of German organic thought, cf. F. M. Barnard, Herder’s Social and Political Thought: From Enlightenment to Nationalism (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1965), 10–12.

Postmodern Challenges:
Between Faust & Narcissus, Part 3

In 1945, the tone of ideological debate was set by the victorious ideologies. We could choose American liberalism (the ideology of Mr. Babbitt) or Marxism, an allegedly de-bourgeoisfied version of the metanarrative. The Grand Narrative took charge, hunted down any “irrationalist” philosophy or movement,[1] set up a thought police, and finally, by brandishing the bogeyman of rampant barbarism, inaugurated an utterly vacuous era.

Sartre and his fashionable Parisian existentialism must be analyzed in the light of this restoration. Sartre, faithful to his “atheism,” his refusal to privilege one value, did not believe in the foundations of liberalism or Marxism. Ultimately, he did not set up the metanarrative (in its most recent version, the vulgar Marxism of the Communist parties[2]) as a truth but as an “inescapable”categorical imperative for which one must militate if one does not want to be a “bastard,” i.e., one of these contemptible beings who venerate “petrified orders.”[3] It is the whole paradox of Sartreanism: on the one hand, it exhorts us not to adore “petrified orders,” which is properly Faustian, and, on another side, it orders us to “magically” adore a “petrified order” of vulgar Marxism, already unhorsed by Sombart or De Man. Thus in the Fifties, the golden age of Sartreanism, the consensus is indeed a moral constraint, an obligation dictated by increasingly mediatized thought. But a consensus achieved by constraint, by an obligation to believe without discussion, is not an eternal consensus. Hence the contemporary oblivion of Sartreanism, with its excesses and its exaggerations.

The Revolutionary Anti-Humanism of May 1968

With May ’68, the phenomenon of a generation, “humanism,” the current label of the metanarrative, was battered and broken by French interpretations of Nietzsche, Marx, and Heidegger.[4] In the wake of the student revolt, academics and popularizers alike proclaimed humanism a “petite-bourgeois” illusion. Against the West, the geopolitical vessel of the Enlightenment metanarrative, the rebels of ’68 played at mounting the barricades, taking sides, sometimes with a naive romanticism, in all the fights of the 1970s: Spartan Vietnam against American imperialism, Latin-American guerillas (“Ché”), the Basque separatists, the patriotic Irish, or the Palestinians.

Their Faustian feistiness, unable to be expressed though autochthonous models, was transposed toward the exotic: Asia, Arabia, Africa, or India. May ’68, in itself, by its resolute anchorage in Grand Politics, by its guerilla ethos, by its fighting option, in spite of everything took on a far more important dimension than the strained blockage of Sartreanism or the great regression of contemporary neo-liberalism.  On the right, Jean Cau, in writing his beautiful book on Che Guevara[5]  understood this issue perfectly, whereas the right, which is as fixated on its dogmas and memories as the left, had not wanted to see.

With the generation of ’68—combative and politicized, conscious of the planet’s great economic geopolitical issues—the last historical fires burned in the French public spirit before the great rise of post-history and post-politics represented by the narcissism of contemporary neoliberalism.

The Translation of the Writings of the “Frankfurt School” announces the Advent of Neo-Liberal Narcissism

The first phase of the neo-liberal attack against the political anti-humanism of May ’68 was the rediscovery of the writings of the Frankfurt School: born in Germany before the advent of National Socialism, matured during the California exile of Adorno, Horkheimer, and Marcuse, and set up as an object of veneration in post-war West Germany. In Dialektik der Aufklärung, a small and concise book that is fundamental to understanding the dynamics of our time, Horkheimer and Adorno claim that there are two “reasons” in Western thought that, in the wake of Spengler and Sombart, we are tempted to name “Faustian reason” and “magical reason.” The former, for the two old exiles in California, is the negative pole of the “reason complex” in Western civilization: this reason is purely “instrumental”; it is used to increase the personal power of those who use it. It is scientific reason, the reason that tames the forces of the universe and puts them in the service of a leader or a people, a party or state. Thus, according to Herbert Marcuse, it is Promethean, not Narcissistic/Orphic.[6] For Horkheimer, Adorno, and Marcuse, this is the kind of rationality that Max Weber theorized.

On the other hand, “magical reason,” according to our Spenglerian genealogical terminology, is, broadly speaking, the reason of Lyotard’s metanarrative. It is a moral authority that dictates ethical conduct, allergic to any expression of power, and thus to any manifestation of the essence of politics.[7] In France, the rediscovery of the Horkheimer-Adorno theory of reason near the end of the 1970s inaugurated the era of depoliticization, which, by substituting generalized disconnection for concrete and tangible history, led to the “era of the vacuum” described so well by Grenoble Professor Gilles Lipovetsky.[8] Following the militant effervescence of May ’68 came a generation whose mental attitudes are characterized quite justly by Lipovetsky as apathy, indifference (also to the metanarrative in its crude form), desertion (of the political parties, especially of the Communist Party), desyndicalisation, narcissism, etc. For Lipovetsky, this generalized resignation and abdication constitutes a golden opportunity. It is the guarantee, he says, that violence will recede, and thus no “totalitarianism,” red, black, or brown, will be able to seize power. This psychological easy-goingness, together with a narcissistic indifference to others, constitutes the true “post-modern” age.

 

There are Various Possible Definitions of “Post-Modernity”

On the other hand, if we perceive—contrary to Lipovetsky’s usage—“modernity” or “modernism” as expressions of the metanarrative, thus as brakes on Faustian energy, post-modernity will necessarily be a return to the political, a rejection of para-magical creationism and anti-political suspicion that emerged after May 68, in the wake of speculations on “instrumental reason” and “objective reason” described by Horkheimer and Adorno.

The complexity of the “post-modern” situation makes it impossible to give one and only one definition of “post-modernity.” There is not one post-modernity that can lay claim to exclusivity. On the threshold of the 21st century, various post-modernities lie fallow, side by side, diverse potential post-modern social models, each based on fundamentally antagonistic values fundamentally antagonistic, primed to clash. These post-modernities differ—in their language or their “look”—from the ideologies that preceded them; they are nevertheless united with the eternal, immemorial, values that lie beneath them. As politics enters the historical sphere through binary confrontations, clashes of opposing clans and the exclusion of minorities, dare to evoke the possible dichotomy of the future: a neo-liberal, Western, American and American-like post-modernity versus a shining Faustian and Nietzschean post-modernity.

 

The “Moral Generation” & the “Era of the Vacuum”

This neo-liberal post-modernity was proclaimed triumphantly, with Messianic delirium, by Laurent Joffrin in his assessment of the student revolt of December 1986 (Un coup de jeune [A Coup of Youth], Arlea, 1987). For Joffrin, who predicted[9] the death of the hard left, of militant proletarianism, December ’86 is the harbinger of a “moral generation,” combining in one mentality soft leftism, lazy-minded collectivism, and neo-liberal, narcissistic, and post-political selfishness: the social model of this hedonistic society centered on commercial praxis, that Lipovetsky described as the era of the vacuum. A political vacuum, an intellectual vacuum, and a post-historical desert: these are the characteristics of the blocked space, the closed horizon characteristic of contemporary neo-liberalism. This post-modernity constitutes a troubling impediment to the greater Europe that must emerge so that we have a viable future and arrest the slow decay announced by massive unemployment and declining demographics spreading devastation under the wan light of consumerist illusions, the big lies of advertisers, and the neon signs praising the merits of a Japanese photocopier or an American airline.

On the other hand, the post-modernity that rejects the old anti-political metanarrative of the Enlightenment, with its metamorphoses and metastases; that affirms the insolence of a Nietzsche or the metallic ideal of a Jünger; that crosses the “line,” as Heidegger exhorts, leaving behind the sterile dandyism of nihilistic times; the post-modernity that rallies the adventurous to a daring political program concretely implying the rejection of the existing power blocs, the construction of an autarkic Eurocentric economy, while fighting savagely and without concessions against all old-fashioned religions and ideologies, by developing the main axis of a diplomacy independent of Washington; the post-modernity that will carry out this voluntary program and negate the negations of post-history—this post-modernity will have our full adherence.

In this brief essay, I wanted to prove that there is a continuity in the confrontation of the “Faustian” and “magian” mentalities, and that this antagonistic continuity is reflected in the current debate on post-modernities. The American-centered West is the realm of “magianisms,” with its cosmopolitanism and authoritarian sects.[10] Europe, the heiress of a Faustianism much abused by “magian” thought, will reassert herself with a post-modernity that will recapitulate the inexpressible themes, recurring but always new, of the Faustianness intrinsic to the European soul.

Notes

1. The classic among classics in the condemnation of “irrationalism” is the summa of György Lukács, The Destruction of Reason, 2 vols. (1954). This book aims to be a kind of Discourse on Method for the dialectic of Enlightenment-Counter-Enlightenment, rationalism-irrationalism. Through a technique of amalgamation that bears a passing resemblance to a Stalinist pamphlet, broad sectors of  German and European culture, from Schelling to neo-Thomism, are blamed for having prepared and supported the Nazi phenomenon. It is a paranoiac vision of culture.

2. To understand the fundamental irrationality of Sartre’s Communism, one should read Thomas Molnar, Sartre, philosophie de la contestation (Paris: La Table Ronde, 1969). In English: Sartre: Ideologue of Our Time (New York : Funk & Wagnalls, 1968).

3. Cf. R.-M. Alberes, Jean-Paul Sartre (Paris: Éditions Universitaires, 1964), 54–71.

4. In France, the polemic aiming at a final rejection of the anti-humanism of ’68 and its Nietzschean, Marxist, and Heideggerian philosophical foundations is found in Luc Ferry and Alain Renaut, French Philosophy of the Sixties: An Essay on Anti-Humanism, trans. Mary H. S. Cattani (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1990) and its appendix ’68–’86. Itinéraires de l’individu [’68-’86: Routes of the Individual] (Paris: Gallimard, 1987). Contrary to the theses defended in first of these two works, Guy Hocquenghem in Lettre ouverte à ceux qui sont passés du col Mao au Rotary Club [Open Letter to those Went from Mao Jackets to the Rotary Club] (Paris: Albin Michel, 1986) deplored the assimilation of the hyper-politicism of the generation of 1968 into the contemporary neo-liberal wave. From a definitely polemical point of view and with the aim of restoring debate, such as it is, in the field of philosophical abstraction, one should read Eddy Borms, Humanisme—kritiek in het hedendaagse Franse denken [Humanism: Critique in Contemporary French Thought (Nijmegen: SUN, 1986).

5. Jean Cau, the former secretary of Jean-Paul Sartre, now classified as a polemist of the “right,” who delights in challenging the manias and obsessions of intellectual conformists, did not hesitate to pay homage to Che Guevara and to devote a book to him. The “radicals” of the bourgeois accused him of “body snatching”! Cau’s rigid right-wing admirers did not appreciate his message either. For them, the Nicaraguan Sandinistas, who nevertheless admired Abel Bonnard and the American “fascist” Lawrence Dennis, are emanations of the Evil One.

6. Cf. A. Vergez, Marcuse (Paris: P.U.F., 1970).

7. Julien Freund, Qu’est-ce que la politique? [What is Politics?] (Paris: Seuil, 1967). Cf Guillaume Faye, “La problématique moderne de la raison ou la querelle de la rationalité” [“The Modern Problem of Reason or the Quarrel of Rationality”] Nouvelle Ecole no. 41, November 1984.

8. G. Lipovetsky, L’ère du vide: Essais sur l’individualisme contemporain [The Era of the Vacuum: Essays on contemporary individualism] (Paris: Gallimard, 1983). Shortly after this essay was written, Gilles Lipovetsky published a second book that reinforced its viewpoint: L’Empire de l’éphémère: La mode et son destin dans les sociétés modernes [Empire of the Ephemeral: Fashion and its Destiny in Modern Societies] (Paris: Gallimard, 1987). Almost simultaneously François-Bernard Huyghe and Pierre Barbès protested against this “narcissistic” option in La soft-idéologie [The Soft Ideology] (Paris: Laffont, 1987). Needless to say, my views are close to those of the last two writers.

9. Cf. Laurent Joffrin, La gauche en voie de disparition: Comment changer sans trahir? [The Left in the Process of Disappearance: How to Change without Betrayal?] (Paris: Seuil, 1984).

10. Cf. Furio Colombo, Il dio d’America: Religione, ribellione e nuova destra [The God of America: Religion, Rebellion, and the New Right] (Milano: Arnoldo Mondadori, 1983).

mardi, 11 janvier 2011

Présence des musulmans en Europe : nouvelles manipulations en vue

Jean-Gilles MALLIARAKIS:

Présence des musulmans en Europe nouvelles manipulations en vue

Ex: htpp://www.insolent.fr/

Krantenkoppen - Januari 2011/05

cahoon-charles-drew.jpg

Krantenkoppen
 
Januari 2011 - 05
 
Pagina die ik tegen kwam....
 
Nieuwe Huckleberry Finn zorgt voor opschudding
Hoewel het boek een waar meesterwerk is wordt Huckleberry Finn op veel Amerikaanse scholen niet gelezen. De klassieker zou teveel racistische uitspraken bevatten. Een nieuwe, ‘moderne’ versie moet dit veranderen. Maar niet iedereen is daar blij mee.
http://amerika.blog.nl/algemeen/2011/01/06/nieuwe-huckleb...
 
Vakbond: Welten moet woorden terugnemen
De Amsterdamse hoofdcommissaris Bernard Welten moet zijn uitspraken over het negeren van een eventueel boerkaverbod intrekken. Voorzitter van de Amsterdamse Politie Vakorganisatie (AVP) Bert Verdijk noemt in De Telegraaf de uitlatingen van de korpschef "onverstandig".
http://www.bndestem.nl/nieuws/algemeen/binnenland/7920114...
 
Hitlerexpo wegens succes verlengd
Een controversiële tentoonstelling over de persoonlijkheidscultus rond de Duitse dictator Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) in de Duitse hoofdstad Berlijn wordt wegens succes verlengd. De expositie trok sinds de opening in oktober al 170.000 bezoekers, aldus de organisatoren.
http://www.pzc.nl/algemeen/cultuur/article7920049.ece
 
 
Nederland betaalt voor terugkeer Bosniërs
Nederland wil Bosnische vluchtelingen van 45 jaar en ouder, die terugkeren naar Bosnië-Herzegovina, levenslang een maandelijkse toelage van 470 euro geven. Een echtpaar heeft recht op 670 euro. Ook de reiskosten zouden worden vergoed, tot een maximum van 1500 euro.
http://www.binnenlandsbestuur.nl/Home/all/nederland-betaa...
 
Vliegveld Israël blokkeert politieke websites
Het draadloze internet op het internationale vliegveld Ben Goerion bij de Israëlische stad Tel Aviv geeft geen toegang tot een reeks linkse en rechtse politieke websites.
http://www.nu.nl/buitenland/2416778/vliegveld-israel-blok...
 
Cafébaas 't Vervolg excuseert zich voor advertentie
De meesten gingen er van uit dat de kroegbaas met op de bewoners van het nieuwe asielcentrum doelde.
http://www.gva.be/antwerpen/ravels/guid/b8591db4-9d40-4d7...
 
Ultraorthodoxen moeten ook in leger dienen
Ultraorthodoxe joden moeten ook in het leger dienen. Dat is de mening van de bevelhebber van het Israëlische leger, Gabi Ashkenazi. "Diegenen die niet dienen, moeten zich schamen", zei hij donderdag tegen de legerradio.
http://buitenland.nieuws.nl/624676/ultraorthodoxen_moeten...
 
Kabinet akkoord met nieuwe missie Afghanistan
De ministerraad is vrijdag akkoord gegaan met een nieuwe missie naar Afghanistan van medio 2011 tot medio 2014.
http://www.gelderlander.nl/algemeen/dgbinnenland/7927622/...
 
Chili erkent Palestina als soevereine staat
Chili heeft vrijdag als vijfde natie Palestina formeel als onafhankelijke staat erkend. Het Zuid-Amerikaanse land treedt daarmee in de voetsporen van Ecuador, Brazilië, Argentinië en Bolivia, die dat in december vorig jaar deden. Uruguay heeft gezegd te volgen.
http://www.refdag.nl/nieuws/buitenland/chili_erkent_pales...
 
Politie legt netwerk kinderporno bloot
De Italiaanse politie heeft een grootschalig netwerk blootgelegd van criminelen, die kwaadaardige software op onbeschermde webservers installeerden om zo kinderporno te distribueren. Dat meldde de Europese politieorganisatie Europol vrijdag.
http://www.refdag.nl/nieuws/buitenland/politie_legt_netwe...
 
School mag geen hoofddoekverbod hebben
Een katholieke middelbare school in Volendam heeft zich schuldig gemaakt aan verboden onderscheid op grond van godsdienst. Dat heeft de Commissie Gelijke Behandeling (CGB) vandaag geoordeeld. De school verbood een islamitische leerlinge een hoofddoek te dragen.
http://www.spitsnieuws.nl/archives/binnenland/2011/01/sch...
 
Ook Twente negeert boerkaverbod
Niet alleen korpschef Bernard Welten van Amsterdam zal een eventueel boerkaverbod niet gaan handhaven. Ook zijn Twentse collega Martin Sitalsing zal het verbod "geen prioriteit" geven, zo stelt hij tegenover RTV Oost.
http://www.spitsnieuws.nl/archives/binnenland/2011/01/ook...
 
'Carnavalapartheid is homofoob'
Met de carnavalsparades in Rio de Janeiro in zicht is ophef ontstaan over toiletten die speciaal zijn gereserveerd voor homoseksuelen en travestieten op diverse sambascholen. “Dit is carnavalapartheid!”, aldus het hoofd van de Braziliaanse antihomofobiedienst, Claudio Nascimento.
http://www.spitsnieuws.nl/archives/buitenland/2011/01/car...
 
Israelisch leger doodt per abuis bejaarde
Vanochtend hebben Israëlische soldaten een bejaarde Palestijn doodgeschoten tijdens een huiszoeking in Hebron, gelegen aan de bezette Westelijke Jordaanoever. De militairen waren op zoek naar een Hamas-verdachte, maar drongen een appartement boven dat van de gezochte man binnen. De 65-jarige man werd in zijn hoofd en borstkas geschoten.
http://www.spitsnieuws.nl/archives/buitenland/2011/01/isr...
 
Herrie binnen D66 Amsterdam
Afdeling Amsterdam West van D66 heeft te maken met muitende raadsleden. Drie van de vijf fractieleden willen de fractievoorzitter afzetten, maar hebben niet de steun van het afdelingsbestuur en de landelijke beleidsbepalers binnen de partij. Nu leggen ze een verzoek om af te treden naast zich neer.
http://www.spitsnieuws.nl/archives/provinciaal/2011/01/he...
 
Brandpunt mag item over misstanden adoptie uitzenden
Het KRO-programma Brandpunt mag van de rechtbank in Amsterdam een voorgenomen uitzending over misstanden rond adopties uit Ethiopië gewoon laten zien zondag. Dat liet de omroep vandaag weten.
http://www.ad.nl/ad/nl/1012/Binnenland/article/detail/562...
 
Eerste celstraf in Britse bonnetjesaffaire
Een voormalig Brits parlementslid is voor achttien maanden de cel ingegaan wegens fraude met bonnetjes. De 61-jarige David Chaytor van de Labourpartij is de eerste politicus die achter de tralies verdwijnt in de wijdverbreide bonnetjesaffaire.
http://www.ad.nl/ad/nl/1013/Buitenland/article/detail/562...
 
Europees Hof verbiedt opnieuw uitzetten asielzoekers
Nederland mag twee uitgeprocedeerde Somalische asielzoekers niet terugsturen naar hun land van herkomst. Dat heeft het Europees Hof voor de Rechten van de Mens vrijdag bepaald.
http://www.elsevier.nl/web/Nieuws/Europese-Unie/285977/Eu...
 
Onderzoek: Burenruzies heftiger in multicultiwijken
In multiculturele wijken lopen burenruzies sneller hoog op vanwege de vooroordelen tussen culturele groepen. Dat blijkt uit onderzoek van Elze Ufkes, die daar donderdag aan de Rijksuniversiteit Groningen op promoveerde.
http://www.elsevier.nl/web/Nieuws/Nederland/285939/Onderz...
 
Ajax-fans beboet voor cijfershirt
Drie Ajax-fans hebben een geldboete gekregen omdat ze een voor de politie beledigend t-shirt droegen. Op het shirt stond 1-3-1-2,wat in het alfabet met de letters A-C-A-B correspondeert.
http://nos.nl/artikel/209894-ajaxfans-beboet-voor-cijfers...
 

Gender-Wahn: Mutter und Vater werden "Elter 1" und "Elter 2"

Gender-Wahn: Mutter und Vater werden »Elter 1« und »Elter 2«

Udo Ulfkotte

 

RTEmagicC_ES-2_jpg.jpgAuf den Formularen amerikanischer Behörden sollen nach einer Entscheidung der Obama-Regierung die Begriffe »mother« (Mutter) und »father« (Vater) durch »parent one« (Elter 1) und »parent two« (Elter 2) ersetzt werden. US-Außenministerin Hilary Clinton will mit diesem Schritt die angebliche Benachteiligung von Schwulen und Lesben in Formularen des State Department beenden. Zeitungen geben derweil Ratschläge, wie man Kinderzimmer geschlechtsneutral einrichtet. Ganz anders in China: Da schickt man kleine Mädchen nun auf Jungentoiletten und umgekehrt, damit sie sich an bestimmte Unterschiede gewöhnen.

Mehr: http://info.kopp-verlag.de/hintergruende/deutschland/udo-...

Confessions of a Reluctant Hater

Now Available for Pre-Order:
 Confessions of a Reluctant Hater

Counter-Currents is pleased to announce our third limited edition hardcover:

Greg Johnson
Confessions of a Reluctant Hater
San Francisco: Counter-Currents, 2010
162 pages

Hardcover: $30 (limited edition of 100 signed and numbered copies)

Note: If you choose the Economy shipping option, you can ship up to three copies for the same flat rate: $5 in the US, $11 to Canada, and $13 to the rest of the world.

Release date: January 31, 2011

Confessions of a Reluctant Hater is a collection of short essays, reviews, and topical opinion pieces written between 2002 and 2010. Greg Johnson believes that multiculturalism and multiracialism are a death-sentence for the white race. He believes that only a White Republic offers a solution, and only an explicitly race-wise and Jew-wise White Nationalism will get us there.

Yet Greg Johnson shows that White Nationalism is not a rigid Right-wing orthodoxy, by including searching and controversial essays on drug legalization, race-mixing, homosexuality, and “West Coast White Nationalism.” He also argues that White Nationalism will not triumph until white racial consciousness leaves its Right-wing ghetto and becomes the common sense of the whole political spectrum.

Greg Johnson is a master of defending radical and uncompromising views in clear, engaging, sometimes brutally frank language, employing seductive logic, vivid examples, and a dash of savage wit. Confessions of a Reluctant Hater is an accessible but challenging introduction to White Nationalism by one of the leading voices of the North American New Right.

Advance Praise for Confessions of a Reluctant Hater:

Greg Johnson’s work is something rarely seen but badly needed on the so-called New Right.  His learning is both wide and deep, but lightly worn and not afraid to challenge the orthodoxies of Left and Right   He brings a sensitivity both West Coast and Traditional to the cultural politics of today.  The works collected here will, like his website, serve as a foundation for any serious attempt to regain control over our destiny.

—James J. O’Meara

Greg Johnson is a rare writer, in that he can combine lucid insights with humor and off-the-wall ideas, offering an analysis of contemporary Western man, culture, and society that transcends disciplinary barriers and highlights the subterranean processes that govern the grand panorama of history. This may sound grandiose and esoteric, but the reader need not fear having to push his way through a caliginous jungle of abstruse terminology and turgid, sludge-like argumentation: Johnson’s simple and easy prose make reading about these weighty matters an effortless task, clearing the decks for the reader to rethink the world.

—Alex Kurtagić, author of Mister

CONTENTS

 

Preface · iii

 

Finding a White Voice
1. Confessions of a Reluctant Hater
2. A Nation of Immigrants?
3. Craig Bodeker’s A Conversation About Race
4. Craig Bodeker’s More of . . . A Conversation About Race
5. Christian Lander’s Whiter Shades of Pale
6. Tea Party: The Documentary Film
7. Separatism vs. Supremacism
8. To Cleanse America: A Modest Proposal

Polarizing Moments
9. The “W” Word
10. The 2008 Presidential Election
11. A Tariff in Time . . . Saves Billions
12. The Gates Controversy
13. The Persecution of Kevin MacDonald
14. The Persecution of American Renaissance
15. The “Ground Zero” Mosque Controversy
16. The 2010 Midterm Elections
17. Implicit Whiteness & the Republicans

White Lifestyle Politics
18. West-Coast White Nationalism
19. Is Racial Purism Decadent?
20. Race-Mixing: Not Just for Losers Anymore?
21. Lawyers & Sex Crimes
22. Homosexuality & White Nationalism
23. Drug Legalization in the White Republic
24. Redneck Rousseau: Jim Goad’s Shit Magnet
25. It’s Time to STOP Shopping for Christmas
26. Merry Christmas, Infidels!
27. The Spiritual Materialism of Alan Watts

00:10 Publié dans Livre | Lien permanent | Commentaires (0) | Tags : livre, réflexions personnelles, etats-unis, déclin | |  del.icio.us | | Digg! Digg |  Facebook

Jean-Yves Le Gallou: l'immigration silencieuse

 

Jean-Yves Le Gallou: l'immigration silencieuse

lundi, 10 janvier 2011

Force et Honneur

Force et Honneur

« Le calendrier mémoriel de nos pères était, autrefois, parsemé de noms de saints, de soldats héroïques et aussi de grandes batailles. Ces noms, gravés dans l’histoire des peuples, étaient toujours évocateurs : ils constituaient une mémoire collective et forgeaient les identités nationales », écrit Jean-Pierre Papadacci, « Français d’Empire », en préface à un ouvrage intitulé « Force et honneur ».

Ce livre, auquel ont collaboré une trentaine d’auteurs, raconte « ces batailles qui ont fait la grandeur de la France et de l’Europe ». Sans doute certaines manquent-elles, comme Fontenoy, mais on y trouve beaucoup de rencontres qui ont compté, depuis la bataille de Marathon au début du Ve siècle avant Jésus-Christ jusqu’au siège de Sarajevo à la fin du XXe siècle de notre ère.

Le lecteur y trouvera, entre autres, les Thermopyles, Bouvines, le siège de Vienne, Torfou, Austerlitz, le siège de l’alcazar, la bataille d’Alger…

Tous les textes ne sont pas d’égale facture, mais la plupart sont bien écrits et intéressants. Citons notamment le récit de la prise de Jérusalem par les croisés, par Pierre Vial, la bataille d’Azincourt, par Jean Denègre, la levée du siège d’Orléans, par Thierry Bouzard, Lépante, par Robert Steuckers, Camerone, par Alain Sanders, Verdun, par Philippe Conrad, Dien Bien Phu par Eric Fornal, un récit de l’insurrection de Budapest par Vitéz Marton Lajos…

Le livre se conclut sur une série d’entretiens avec des officiers français : le général Yves Derville, qui participa à la première guerre du Golfe ; le colonel Jean Luciani, ancien des FFI et vétéran de Dien Bien Phu ; le capitaine Dominique Bonelliancien du 1er BEP puis du 1er REP en Indochine et en Algérie ; l’adjudant-chef Jean Laraque, les sergents Alexis Arette et Roger Holeindre, le caporal-chef Trogne, autres « sentinelles de l’Empire ».

« Nous savons que nous sommes des débiteurs et que nous avons le devoir de faire fructifier et de transmettre le patrimoine que nous avons reçu », écrit encore Jean-Pierre Papadacci dans sa préface. Nul doute que ce livre, destiné prioritairement aux adolescents, y contribue.

Force et honneur, ces batailles qui ont fait la grandeur de la France et de l’Europe, Les amis du livre européen ed.

ACHETER SUR AMAZON

17:25 Publié dans Histoire, Livre, Militaria | Lien permanent | Commentaires (1) | Tags : histoire, militaria, livre, guerres, polémologie | |  del.icio.us | | Digg! Digg |  Facebook

Pressions turques en faveur de l'immigration mafieuse

Jean-Gilles MALLIARAKIS:

Pressions turques en faveur de l’immigration mafieuse

Ex: http://www.insolent.fr/

Geheimplan: Wie der Milliardär Chodorkowski für Washington in Russland die Macht an sich reissen sollte

chod.jpg

Geheimplan: Wie der Milliardär Chodorkowski für Washington in Russland die Macht an sich reißen sollte

F. William Engdahl

 

Der Schuldspruch im Prozess gegen den ehemaligen russischen Öl-Oligarchen Michail Chodorkowski hat weltweit Kritik hervorgerufen. Merkwürdigerweise verschweigen westliche Medien den wahren Grund dafür, warum Putin den ehemaligen Chef des größten russischen Ölkonzerns Yukos verurteilen ließ.

Mehr: http://info.kopp-verlag.de/hintergruende/geostrategie/f-w...

Drieu la Rochelle, poeta della decadenza

Drieu La Rochelle, poeta della decadenza

Pierre Drieu La RochelleVi sono scrittori che impersonano nella loro esistenza e nelle opere un’epoca intera con tutte le sue contraddizioni. Pierre Drieu La Rochelle è stato uno di questi enfants du siècle. E il fascino dei suoi romanzi è legato non solo alla loro efficacia letteraria, ma anche al fatto che lo scrittore francese è diventato il simbolo di una generazione, quella degli “anni ruggenti”, divisa fra una vita disordinata e la ricerca di un ordine personale e sociale. Personaggi e romanziere si sono identificati agli occhi dei lettori sino a perdere ogni distinzione. E così doveva avvenire perché tutta la sua narrativa è un lungo monologo autobiografico in cui fantasia e confessione si intrecciano inestricabilmente.

 Qualcuno lo ha definito il fratello di F.S. Fitzgerald, il poeta della decadenza, della disintegrazione di una civiltà. E la definizione è, in parte, esatta. Drieu infatti è fra gli scrittori francesi che hanno avvertito più tragicamente e intensamente la crisi dell’uomo occidentale. “Il suo spirito era abituato – ha scritto in un romanzo – a confrontare la vecchiezza di oggi, che si dibatte con scosse secche e nervose, alla giovinezza creatrice con le sue armonie calme e piene”.

Le sue opere letterarie più significative, come Drôle de voyage, Fuoco fatuo, Rêveuse bourgeoise, Gilles, sono tutte modulate su questo tema della decadenza. I personaggi ne sono partecipi e rivelano nelle loro vicende l’incapacità di avere rapporti costanti e normali con gli altri, donne, uomini e ambienti, in un’alternanza di desideri e delusioni, di decisioni e di rinnegamenti; spinti continuamente a fuggire, a evitare ogni legame per timore di dovere “scegliere”.

Le pagine più compiute della sua narrativa, in genere scostante come scostante era lo stesso scrittore, sono appunto quelle in cui Drieu esprime questa atmosfera di crisi attraverso un ritmo linguistico che passa da un periodare secco e duro a una prosa densa e contorta. Ma parlare in Drieu di un’unità e costanza stilistica sarebbe, a parer nostro, inesatto: per lui infatti lo stile era un puro strumento che doveva adattarsi alla materia che trattava. Mentre, per fare un esemio, Fuoco fatuo e La commedia di Charleroi sono costruiti in un linguaggio scabro ed essenziale, Drôle de voyage e la prima parte di Gilles, che descrivono invece una corruzione di sentimenti e un clima di disfacimento, sono modulati su un ritmo più contorto, denso, colmo di echi e di riferimenti. Ma il caso più significativo è quello di Rêveuse bourgeoise,dove l’autore, dovendo rievocare in chiave fantastica la storia della sua famiglia e l’ambiente della media borghesia durante la belle époque, adotta consapevolmente il linguaggio del naturalista.

Pierre Drieu La RochelleLa modernità di Drieu sta, a parer nostro, nella struttura costante di tutta la sua opera che, al di là delle differenze stilistiche sottolineate, fonde nel tessuto narrativo materiali di diversa estrazione, descrizioni di vicende, meditazioni interiori, annotazioni storiche e di costume, costruendo un vero e proprio tipo di “romanzo-saggio”. Ma, a differenza di altri narratori, Drieu descrive senza definire: tutta la sua narrativa manca cioè di corposità veristica, i personaggi non hanno volto, sono centri nervosi, temperamenti – o forse anime – e i loro rapporti non sono quasi mai visti direttamente, ma attraverso lo schermo dei loro riflessi emotivi.

Faremmo però un torto al romanziere francese se lo riducessimo a un puro descrittore della decadenza. La consapevolezza della decadenza non era per lui un alibi, una giustificazione per accomodarsi nella poltrona di un nichilismo senza speranza. In lui era viva l’esigenza di una rivolta per modificare una situazione personale e sociale che giudicava negativa. L’aveva già sperimentata durante la prima guerra mondiale, che gli ispirò il suo racconto più compiuto, quella Commedia di Charleroi, in cui i temi della guerra moderna come simbolo della decadenza, il desiderio di rivolta, l’eroismo e la paura si mescolano in un impasto linguistico di derivazione surrealista, spezzato, rotto, in cui passato e presente, azione e meditazione formano vari piani narrativi intrecciati fra di loro in una struttura armonica.

Questo bisogno però di una rivolta, invece di esprimersi, come sarebbe stato proprio per uno scrittore, in una ricerca e in un approfondimento interiore, lo spinse verso l’azione pubblica, nell’evasione dell’impegno politico attivo che si concluse, come si sa, nella sua adesione al fascismo e nel tragico suicidio. Ma – ed è bene sottolinearlo per comprendere appinero la sua personalità – negli ultimi anni lo scrittore francese stava maturando una meditazione che lo allontanava sempre di più, da un punto di vista psicologico, dalla politica, dagli aspetti più contingenti della storia, e lo portava a cercare certezze non condizionate dagli avvenimenti. L’ultimo Drieu, che fra l’altro ha scritto quella stupenda confessione che è Racconto segreto, viveva ormai orientato verso una prospettiva metafisica, nella lettura di San Paolo, dei Vangeli e dei testi sacri orientali.

Pol Vandromme ci offre in questo saggio un ritratto prevalentemente psicologico di Drieu nella sua epoca, molto importante per capire i temi fondamentali delle sue opere, e nello stesso tempo sottolinea i motivi originali di questo autore che ha anticipato, pur nei limiti della sua formazione culturale, non solo una certa letteratura dell’incomunicabilità del dopoguerra, ma anche una corrente letteraria francese, quella che è passata alla storia degli anni cinquanta come la scuola degli ussari e degli enfants tristes.

Presentazione di: Pol Vandromme, Pierre Drieu La Rochelle, Borla, Torino 1965, pp. 7-10

Louis Ferdinand Céline sur Radio Courtoisie

 

Louis Ferdinand Céline sur Radio Courtoisie

dimanche, 09 janvier 2011

Nordzypern: Türkisches Militär räumt Kirchen

Saint Panteleimon1.jpg

Ex: http://www.pi-news.net/2011/01/nordzypern-tuerkisches-mil...

Nordzypern: Türkisches Militär räumt Kirchen

Im türkisch besetzten Teil der Mittelmeerinsel wurden seit Heiligabend
mindestens sieben orthodoxe Kirchen vom türkischen Militär betreten. Die
Soldaten haben die Gottesdienste abgebrochen und die Gläubigen (hier sind
die Christen gemeint) hinausgeworfen. In mindestens einem Fall wurde ein
Priester zum Ablegen seiner liturgischen Gewänder gezwungen.

(Von Florian Euring „La Valette“)

Die Regierung Zyperns hat gegen diese gesetzwidrigen Akte der
separatistischen Regierung des türkisch besetzten Nordens bei UN und EU
protestiert. Stefanos Stefanou, zyprischer
Regierungssprecher, bezeichnete die Handlungsweise als vollkommen
inakzeptabel und verurteilenswert. Sie stellt eine Verletzung des
Grundrechts auf freie Religionsausübung dar.

Außerdem bezeichnete er das Vorgehen als Anzeichen für den repressiven
Charakter des Okkupationsregimes. Es wird befürchtet, dass das türkische
Regime Nordzyperns eine vollkommene „Dehellenisierung“ und damit
Entchristianisierung des besetzten Teils der Insel anstrebt.

Dieses Verhalten nährt weiter die Zweifel an der EU-Tauglichkeit der Türkei.
Es sei denn, man wünscht sich eine Entchristianisierung und Islamisierung
der EU.

Dominique Venner sur l'identité nationale

 

 

Dominique Venner sur l'identité nationale (1 + 2)

Krantenkoppen - Januari 2011 / 04

journauxbébé.jpg

Krantenkoppen
 
Januari 2011 - 04
 
Marie-Rose Morel: "Ik overweeg euthanasie"
Voormalig politica Marie-Rose Morel strijdt nog steeds tegen kanker. Ze geeft de hoop niet op, maar zegt wel euthanasie te overwegen.
http://www.clint.be/actua/binnenland/marie-rose-morel-ik-...
 
De SS'er won het NK
Midden jaren dertig was Cor Wals een van de populairste Nederlandse wielrenners. Hij won onder meer de zesdaagsen van Rotterdam en Amsterdam. Wals groeide uiteindelijk echter uit tot de meest gehate Nederlandse wielrenner aller tijden.
http://www.nusport.nl/rob-de-haan/2415527/sser-won-nk.html
 
Beringse schepen Koçak legt klacht neer tegen Joods Actueel
De Beringse sp.a-schepen Selahattin Koçak heeft klacht neergelegd wegens laster en eerroof tegen het maandblad Joods Actueel en zijn hoofdredacteur Michael Freilich. Die had Koçak beschuldigd van antisemitisme en negationisme op basis van een interview dat de schepen van Turkse origine gaf in P-Magazine.
http://www.hln.be/hln/nl/957/Belgie/article/detail/120394...
 
Twintigduizend asielaanvragen in 2010
In 2010 zijn 19.941 asielaanvragen ingediend, het hoogste aantal sinds 2002. Dat meldt het Commissariaat-generaal voor de Vluchtelingen. Bij die cijfers worden ook de meervoudige aanvragen gerekend, dat zijn aanvragen ingediend door personen voor wie eerder al een beslissing werd genomen.
http://www.standaard.be/artikel/detail.aspx?artikelid=DMF...
 
Turken zien Israël en VS als grootste gevaar
De Verenigde Staten en Israël zijn de landen die het grootste gevaar vormen voor Turkije, volgens de inwoners van dat land. Dat blijkt uit een enquªte door het strategisch en sociaal onderzoeksbureau MetroPoll uit Ankara.
http://www.refdag.nl/nieuws/buitenland/turken_zien_israel...
 
Vreemdelingenbewaring mag anderhalf jaar
De rechtbank in Utrecht heeft in een vreemdelingenzaak geoordeeld dat vreemdelingenbewaring in Nederland anderhalf jaar mag duren. Dat maakte de rechtbank woensdag bekend. De rechtbank gaat hiermee in tegen een uitspraak van de rechtbank Roermond van deze week.
http://www.refdag.nl/nieuws/binnenland/vreemdelingenbewar...
 
België wil pedofiele priester uitzetten
De Belgische autoriteiten willen een pedofiele priester het land uitzetten die zich jarenlang vergreep aan eskimokinderen. Pater Eric Dejaeger werd begin deze week opgepakt door de politie omdat hij illegaal in België verblijft, meldde het Vlaamse tijdschrift P-Magazine woensdag.
http://www.refdag.nl/nieuws/buitenland/belgie_wil_pedofie...
 
‘Gier is spion van Mossad’
Wetenschappers van de universiteit van Tel Aviv maken zich deze dagen ernstig zorgen om het lot van een vale gier die volgens bronnen in Saudi-Arabië zou zijn ontmaskerd als spion van de Israëlische geheime dienst Mossad. Het dier zou zijn ,,opgepakt'' bij een stad in Saudi-Arabië, zo meldde onder meer de BBC.
http://www.spitsnieuws.nl/archives/buitenland/2011/01/gie...
 
Fransen en Duitsers blieven islam niet
Een groot deel van de Duitsers en de Fransen beschouwt de islam als een bedreiging. Dat blijkt uit onderzoek van kwaliteitskrant Le Monde. Vooral het falen van de integratie van de moslimgemeenschap is tegen het zere been van onze mede-Europeanen.
http://www.spitsnieuws.nl/archives/buitenland/2011/01/fra...
 
Kiev: opblazen Stalinbeeld is terreurdaad
De Oekraïense autoriteiten beschouwen het opblazen van het omstreden standbeeld van de voormalige Sovjetdictator Josef Stalin in de stad Zaporizjia tijdens de jaarwisseling als een terreurdaad. Dat heeft de openbaar aanklager van de staat woensdag laten weten.
http://www.brabantsdagblad.nl/algemeen/bdbuitenland/79164...
 
Antisemitisme: niet overdrijven
Het Joods Agentschap heeft vastgesteld dat er in 2010 opvallend meer Belgische joden naar Israël zijn geëmigreerd. Dat zou het gevolg zijn van zowel economische als antisemitische motieven. Een en ander doet denken aan de uitspraken van de Nederlandse oudpoliticus Frits Bolkestein, die vorige maand de Nederlandse joden adviseerde om naar Israël of de VS te verhuizen, omdat West- Europa niet meer veilig voor hen zou zijn.
http://gva.typepad.com/standpuntantwerpen/2011/01/antisem...