Déjà au VI° siècle avant J.-C., Sun Tzu n’oublia pas dans L’art de la guerre, ouvrage fondamental de stratégie militaire, le facteur climatique, le déterminant par l’alternance de l’ombre et de la lumière, du chaud et du froid, et par le cycle des saisons. De nos jours, certitude et incertitude climatiques traduisent la difficulté d’une décision militaire. La certitude passe de l’information à la connaissance entraînant la conviction, l’incertitude résulte d’informations parcellaires et de raisonnements fragiles, la décision militaire étant toujours un dilemme comme le souligne Vincent Desportes dans Décider dans l’incertitude (2007). Incertitude climatique et décision militaire vont de pair avec les stratégie et géostratégie définies par Hervé Coutau Bégarie dans son Traité de stratégie (2011). 
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If the “Islamic State” would have managed to quickly capture the territories controlled by Afghan-Pakistani Taliban and make these territories a part of their proclaimed “caliphate”, the threat of destabilization would be right on China’s doorstep
The latest months showed how deeply Turkey is absorbed by everything that has to do with ISIL. Turkey was behind the stage of the events developing around the “Islamic State” for a long time, aiding its activities only indirectly or unofficially. However, an official statement was made in autumn 2015 in Istanbul, which could be viewed as a sort of Turkish declaration regarding the “Islamic State”.
The statement was made by the head of National Intelligence Organization of Turkey Hakan Fidan, who usually doesn’t make public appearances. Fidan stated: ” ‘Islamic State’ is a reality. We must acknowledge that we can’t eradicate such a well-organized and popular organization such as the “Islamic State”. Which is why I urge our Western partners to reconsider their former notions of the political branches of Islam and put aside their cynical mindset, and together frustrate the plans of Vladimir Putin to suppress the Islamic revolution in Syria.”
Based on the reasoning above, Hakan Fidan makes the following conclusion: it is necessary to open an office or a permanent embassy of ISIL in Istanbul — “Turkey strongly believes in this“.
The story with the date of the statement of National Intelligence Organization head is a curious one. First it appeared in online media on October 18, 2015, but didn’t get much attention back then. The statement of Hakan Fidan became famous after it got republished on the websites of news agencies on November 13 — on the eve of Paris terror attacks, which happened on the night between November 13 and November 14.
It so happened that Turkey urged the West to recognized a quasi-state, which, on its part, refuses to recognize the right of other states for existence. In essence, we see a call to accept the demands of ISIL as a global terrorist. Its demand is well-known — an oath of allegiance to it as the new caliphate.
What does the live participation of Turkey in the life of the “Islamic State” promise to the Islamic world and its neighbors (including Russia)? This question becomes more important in this very moment, after thousands of refugees were transported not without Turkey’s participation from the Middle East to Europe, after the incident with the Russian plane, which was bombing ISIL, downed by Turkey, after the far-reaching claims of Turkish officials. In this regard it is worth to recall another important aspect of Middle Eastern politics.
The fall of Mubarak’s regime in Egypt and the destruction of Gaddafi’s state in Libya in the beginning of the “Arab Spring” almost collapsed the economic communication of these countries with China. China’s economic presence in these countries was rapidly growing. This way, it is understandable that the events of the “Arab Spring” created a barrier for the Chinese economic expansion to Middle East and Africa, which threatened the United States. In other words, “Arab Spring” was also an effective tool in the hands of the USA in its global competition with People’s Republic of China.
Now, studying the connections between Turkey and ISIL, it is necessary to discuss what the expansion of the “Islamic State” means for China.
In autumn 2015 media reported that Turkish intelligence agencies are preparing terrorists among Chinese Uighurs. One could think that the reason here is the traditionally strong ties between Turkic peoples, as well that Turkey is interested in strengthening its influence over the Easternmost part of the Turkic world – Turkestan. All of this is, of course, true. But this isn’t everything that this is about. It is also about Uighur groups being trained and becoming battle-hardened in the ranks of ISIL. There is more and more evidence of the presence of such groups in Syria.
Therefore, ISIL is a new tool, improved after the “Arab Spring“, capable of destabilizing the primary competitor of the USA — China. If the “Islamic State” would have managed to quickly capture the territories controlled by Afghan-Pakistani Taliban and make these territories a part of their proclaimed “caliphate”, the threat of destabilization would be right on China’s doorstep. The capabilities of the caliphatist organization which would have appeared this way — with the prospect of Uighurs joining it — would have made such destabilization inevitable.
However, ISIL failed to quickly advance into the Afghan-Pakistan area. Recall what The Daily Beast newspaper wrote in October 2015 in an article titled “A Taliban-Russia Team-Up Against ISIS?” The newspaper wrote that the representatives of Taliban went to China several times to discuss the problem of Xinjiang Uighurs living in southern Afghanistan. The Daily Beast quoted one of Taliban representatives: “We told them they (to Uyghurs – Author) are in Afghanistan, and we could stop them from making anti-Chinese activities“.
Experts insist that Pakistan (the intelligence agencies of which played a decisive part in creating Taliban) significantly reorients from USA to China. Because the prospects of surrendering its own and Afghani Pashtun areas to the “Islamic State”, which won’t stop at that, is unacceptable for Pakistan. This is what, obviously, caused the turn of Pakistan towards China. And this turn was so drastic that its consequences create a new threat to the USA of expanding China’s influence.
During the Xiangshan Security Forum, which took place in October 2015, Pakistani Minister of Defense, Water and Power Khawaja Muhammad Asif announced the banishment of Uighur militants of the “East Turkestan Islamic Movement”. He said: “I think there (were) a small number in tribal areas, they’re all gone or eliminated. There are no more there.” Asif added to this that Pakistan is ready to fight against the “East Turkestan Islamic Movement”, because this is not only in the interests of China, but in Pakistan’s own interests.
Next, in the first half of November 2015, Chinese newspaper China Daily announced that the Chinese state company China Overseas Port Holding received 152 hectares of land on lease in Gwadar port from Pakistani government for 43 years (!). Perhaps it is time to admit that China has almost reached the Arabian sea through the strategically important Pakistani region Balochistan (that is where Gwadar is) and that the planned expansion of ISIL to the east didn’t make it in time to prevent this? It is obvious that the struggle of the USA against China will continue on this direction, which is why China hurries to secure the reached results and create its own economic zone near the Strait of Hormuz.
China Daily wrote: “As part of the agreement, the Chinese company, based in Hong Kong, will be in full charge of Gwadar Port, the third-largest port in Pakistan.”
There is a noteworthy detail in this story: Gwadar is considered to be the southern tip of the large Chinese-Pakistani economic corridor. This corridor starts in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of People’s Republic of China. This means that the necessity to destabilize China from there becomes more acute for its competitors.
Since Pakistan and Talibs refuse to radicalize Chinese Uighurs (more than 9 million of whom live in China), this role goes to, on the one hand, Turkey as the Turkic patron of Uighurs, one the other hand — to ISIL as Islamist ultra-radicals. Next, if this Afghan-Pakistani corridor for supplying radical groups to China is blocked for now, it means there is a need for another one. Which one? Obviously, the Turkic world — from Turkey to Turkic countries of Central Asia and Chinese Uighurs. It is more than likely that Russian Volga region and North Caucasus will have to be made a part of the corridor which Turkey and ISIL need to communicate with Uighurs.
Chinese media point out to this since the end of 2014. Back then the news website Want China Times published an article titled ” ‘East Turkestan’ separatists get trained in ISIL and dream of returning to China“. The website referred to the data already published by the Chinese news outlet Global Times. According to this data, Ethnic Uighur radicals flee from the country to join ISIL, receive training and fight in Iraq and Syria. Their goals are to win wide acknowledgement among international terrorist groups, establish contact channels and acquire real combat experience before bringing their knowledge back to China.
Global Times reported, citing Chinese experts, that Xinjiang Uighurs join ISIL either in Syria and Iraq, or in the divisions of ISIL in South-East Asian countries. Next the publication informed that, since the international community launched the anti-terrorist campaign, ISIL now avoids recruiting new members right on its “base”, preferring to separate them by sending to smaller cells in Syria, Turkey, Indonesia and Kyrgyzstan.
The Uighur problem caused the complication in the Turkish-Chinese relations in summer 2015.
Everything started in Thailand. The authorities made the decision to deport over 100 Uighurs to China. On the night between July 8 and July 9, Turkish Uighurs attacked Chinese embassy in Istanbul, protesting against this decision.
In response, Thailand authorities changed their position and declared that Uighur emigrants will not be deported to China without evidence pointing to their criminal activity. Instead… they will be deported directly to Turkey! This wasn’t a novel decision, deportations of Uighurs to Turkey happened before. A total of 60 thousand Uighurs live in Turkey. This means that we are not talking about separate cases of deportation here, but about consistent concentration of Uighur groups scattered around Asian countries in Turkey.
In July the Arab news website “Al-Qanoon” quoted Tong Bichan, a high-ranking China’s Public Security Ministry official. He said: “The Turkish diplomats in Southeast Asia have given Turkish ID cards to Uyghur citizens of Xinjiang province and then they have sent them to Turkey to prepare for war against the Syrian government alongside ISIL.”
Finally, only recently the propagandist resource of the “Islamic State” posted a song in Chinese language. The song contains the call to wake up, adressed to Chinese Muslim brothers. Such calls are a part of the anti-Chinese campaign launched by ISIL. Another video of caliphatists features an 80-year old Muslim priest from Xinjiang urging his Muslim compatriots to join ISIL. The video then shows a classroom of Uighur boys, one of whom promises to raise the flag of ISIL in Turkestan.
All of this leads to the conclusion that among the goals ISIL tries to reach in cooperation with Turkey is the warming up and launching of the “Chinese Spring” in quite observable terms. Such a goal demands “cooperators” to use the territories near China — first and foremost, Turkic states of Central Asia. For example, Kyrgyzstan in this regard is clearly supposed to become the place of accumulation and training of radical groups.
The large world-rebuilding Middle Eastern war is seeking its way towards East, in the direction of China. Which means that new large phases of this war are not too far ahead.
Source (for copy): http://eu.eot.su/?p=5441
This is the translation of an article (first published in “Essence of Time” newspaper issue 160 on December 30, 2015) by Maria Podkopayeva of a series on rebuilding of Middle East and Africa by the West. This rebuilding was launched to give rise to the most violent and bloody regime, such as IS “caliphate”, which is supposed to eventually attack and conquer Russia, China and Europe.
Nel febbraio 1943, in Sardegna, fu costituito un Battaglione Corso, inquadrato nella 73° Legione Camice Nere. Questo episodio rappresentò il culmine della collaborazione tra corsi e italiani. Dopo l’8 settembre, ancor prima della rioccupazione della Corsica da parte delle truppe golliste, fu sequestrato dai partigiani locali e in seguito condannato a morte il colonnello Petru Simone Cristofini, con l’accusa di aver collaborato con le autorità italiane e tedesche presenti sull’isola e per aver fornito informazioni sulla resistenza locale. Venne fucilato ad Algeri nel novembre 1943, dopo che il colonnello ebbe tentato il suicidio lanciandosi da una finestra del tribunale al quarto piano. Sua moglie, Marta Renucci, prima donna in Corsica a fare la giornalista, fu condannata a cinque anni di reclusione, che dovette scontare nelle carceri di Algeri, i beni dei coniugi vennero confiscati. Con le stesse accuse furono condannati a morte il colonnello Pantalacci ed il figlio Antoine, che però riuscirono a fuggire in tempo in Italia. Un altro colonnello, Pascal Mondielli, fu condannato all’ergastolo per collaborazionismo. Dopo l’otto settembre, Petru Giovacchini (foto) affidò l’organizzazione irredentista a Giuseppe Mastroserio e si trasferì al Nord per arruolarsi nella Rsi insieme agli amici Angeli e Poli. Non tornarono più in Francia, pendendo sulla loro testa la pena di morte.
Alors que la France n’a pas hésité à faire venir des travailleurs nord-africains sur son territoire depuis 1946, et continue de les laisser venir, elle a abandonné les colons français à un sort détestable, qui les a amenés dans des conditions extrêmement douloureuses à regagner la métropole après 1962. Un échange de population aurait au moins été logique mais il n’a pas eu lieu, et si De Gaulle a eu raison de vouloir « lourder » le boulet colonial, il a eu le tort de ne pas rompre radicalement avec les anciennes colonies. Car il fallait une séparation totale, qui n’a pas eu lieu, parce que les gouvernements ont remplacé le colonialisme classique par un néo-colonialisme qu’on appelle Françafrique (ou Commonwealth chez les Britanniques) et par l’immigration, réintroduisant ainsi la « question coloniale » au cœur même de l’ancienne métropole.
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Le 21 juillet 1978, c’est la volubilité de ce garçon d’origine italienne (au patronyme du Frioul et né d’une mère napolitaine), son accent du terroir bruxellois, son sens de la zwanze, sa bonté qui était immédiatement palpable, son incroyable gentillesse, qui m’ont fait dire tout de suite : « Voilà un excellent camarade ! ». J’ai su qu’il habitait Etterbeek mais ne suis jamais allé chez lui : nous nous rencontrions aux hasards de nos pérégrinations en ville : aux abords des bonnes librairies, dans le quartier de la Grand’Place, aux Puces de la Place du Jeu de Balle. « Julius » était immanquablement accompagné de copains et de copines, parfois très hauts en couleurs. Je me souviens ainsi d’une soirée au magnifique hôtel Métropole, suite à une rencontre dans une librairie toute proche qui n’existe plus aujourd’hui. Ces rencontres fortuites et agréables se sont étalées de 1978 à 1981. Mais la vie quotidienne, le déménagement avec mes parents à Wezembeek-Oppem, les études, les séjours à l’étranger (en Allemagne et en Angleterre) puis mon passage dans le cloaque du sinistre de Benoist à Paris et mon service militaire à Marche-en-Famenne m’ont fait perdre « Julius » de vue. En septembre 1983, je réaménage dans le quartier de la ville, qui, auparavant, avait toujours été le mien. Chez le libraire des lieux, surnommé « Jeremy Puddingtam », je tombe quelques années plus tard, en 1986, sur le premier album de la série « Harry Dickson », intitulé La bande de l’araignée. Le dessin me plait, ligne claire oblige. La représentation des véhicules, des bâtiments, des armes et des uniformes est très précise, ce qui fait la qualité d’une bonne bande dessinée depuis les exigences de réalisme d’Hergé et de Jacques Martin. La dernière planche de Coke en stock, album de Tintin que j’ai reçu à l’âge de trois ans et huit mois, m’avait fascinée, enfant, car j’y reconnaissais toutes les voitures qu’on trouvait à l’époque dans les rues de Bruxelles. Dans La bande de l’araignée (BA) et dans sa suite immédiate, Les spectres bourreaux (SB), cette volonté de reproduire avec la plus grande exactitude possible le réel est manifeste : comment ne pas être séduit par le premier dessin de Londres sous la brume, par le laitier anglais et le vendeur de journaux (p. 6), par l’immeuble de Scotland Yard (p. 14), par la voiture noire qui fonce sous un ciel d’automne tourmenté (p. 19), par les avions, par la calendre de la Peugeot (p. 25), par la Bugatti qui prend de l’essence sous la neige des Alpes (p. 30) ? Dans Les spectres bourreaux, album de 1988, le style s’est affirmé : splendides dessins que ce décollage d’appareils SIAI Marchetti (p. 4), que l’émergence hors des flots de l’U47 (p. 9), que les combats de la page 10, que le manoir anglais de la page 15, que l’avion au repos à Croydon (p. 17), que les commandos de marine anglais en fin d’album, etc. « Julius » était capable de donner du mouvement à ses dessins comme l’atteste de manière exemplaire la voiture noire d’Harry Dickson, fonçant à toute allure dans les rues de Londres (SB, p. 14).
Et surprise, après l’achat de ces deux albums, sans m’être rappelé que le prénom et le patronyme de « Julius » étaient Pascal et Zanon, au détour d’une rue de mon quartier, coucou, qui voilà qui déboule, comme le Général Alcazar au début de Coke en stock ? « Julius » ! Avec son intarissable volubilité habituelle, il me raconte ce qu’il est devenu : auteur de bande dessinée ! Le dessinateur d’Harry Dickson ! Son éditeur, Christian Vanderhaeghe, par ailleurs scénariste des albums, possède un hôtel de maître cossu dans le quartier. « Julius » en occupe le « basement » qui lui sert de studio. Il m’emmène dans cette véritable caverne d’Ali Baba. Dans le fond, un matelas sommaire pour ses siestes et pour les soirs où il ratait le dernier tram vers Etterbeek. Des monceaux de livres avec des photos d’époque prises dans les sites que devait visiter le héros Harry Dickson, au fil de ses aventures, pour que tout soit reproduit le plus fidèlement possible. Des livres avec des croquis militaires, des photos de matériels en action. Une maquette de tous les avions reproduits dans les albums. Une miniature de chaque voiture, au moins à l’échelle 1/43ème. Tout cela témoignait, sous mes yeux admiratifs, d’une volonté de pousser encore plus loin le réalisme voulu par Hergé et par Jacques Martin. Ce réalisme apparaît époustouflant dès le troisième album, Les trois cercles de l’épouvante (3CE, 1990), dont l’action se déroule surtout en Chine. « Julius » a été capable de reproduire bâtiments, véhicules, trains, bateaux, de la Chine des années 1930, avec le talent d’un maître avéré. 
Dans la foulée des conversations éparses que nous tenions à intervalles irréguliers, Vanderhaeghe me demande en 1997 de faire traduire en néerlandais L’étrange lueur verte. L’ami MvD s’y attèle. Je lui file un coup de main. Il le fallait bien. Imaginez comment traduire la prose lyrique de Vanderhaeghe : « Les langueurs océanes d’Atlantic City sont brutalement balayées par le rugissement de deux bolides teintés d’or et de sang ». Ou encore : « Dans un grondement de tonnerre, un lingot de métal affilé comme une lame surgit de l’ombre du box voisin ». Pire : « Foudroyée, la Daimler-Benz décolle de sa trajectoire irradiant une étincelante lueur verte ». « Mais telle une météorite traversant l’éther, le bolide argenté plonge irrémédiablement vers l’enfer ! ». « Une coulée d’or embrase les murailles du Nouveau Monde inconscient de la menace qui fond sur lui ». En plus, Max, le complice de Georgette Cuvelier , s’exprime en un argot de truand marseillais, repris des romans policiers de Léo Malet, ancien anarchiste et surréaliste mais néanmoins traité de « xénophobe » à la fin de sa vie. La boucle était bouclée : le « lyrisme » de Vanderhaeghe faisait penser à certaines phrases du Cœur aventureux d’Ernst Jünger ; avec l’argot du surréaliste Malet, on était en plein dans un drôle de bain, on pouvait « numéroter nos abattis ». Le pauvre MvD et le pauvre de moi ont dû mettre cela en néerlandais : les tournures trop flamandes ont déplu aux critiques hollandais ; les tournures hollandaises, injectées à dessein par MvD, ont déplu aux critiques flamands : vieille histoire qui avait déjà cassé la tête de Willy Vandersteen qui, longtemps, avait dû publier deux éditions de ses aventures de Bob et Bobette. Une pour les Pays-Bas, une autre pour la Flandre. « Julius », lui, était heureux : il avait pu, dans L’étrange lueur verte, dessiner de splendides voitures de course, des autos de la police américaine, des Boeing F-48, un char T3, des camions de pompiers new-yorkais et surtout deux appareils futuristes dont l’aile bleue de Georgette Cuvelier qui vaut bien l’aile rouge d’Olrik dans les aventures de Blake et Mortimer. Les dessins illustrant le combat entre l’appareil de Georgette et celui , tout jaune, d’Harry Dickson sont époustouflants. Du bel art.
Il liberalismo esigé, oltre che di una deregolamentazione sul piano economico, anche di una deregolamentazione della morale, poiché qualsivoglia regola poteva rappresentare un freno alla potenziale creazione di nuovi mercati, tra cui quelli più fruttuosi (alcool, droghe, sesso, violenza, gioco). Il costo sociale di una tale liberalizzazione della morale è troppo alto secondo Clouscard, che propone in proposito una morale socialista responsabilizzante rappresentata da un terzo organo, dopo i tre teorizzati da Montesquieu, ovvero un Parlamento del lavoratore collettivo, dove si discuta la necessita di un equilibrio tra produzione e consumo.
Quella di Michel Clouscard è quindi una sottile disamina della sovrastruttura del nuovo capitalismo che crea nuovi bisogni e nuovi mercati, che propaganda, già a partire dal militantismo libertino di Diderot e dal positivismo materialista di Voltaire, la formula: “la liberazione del desiderio produrrà la liberazione del proletariato”. E’ quindi l’idea di un’emancipazione trasgressiva a fare il gioco del nuovo modo di produzione dell’industria leggera, e ancora una volta Clouscard mette in evidenza il ruolo dell’intellighenzia che legittima costantemente gli innovativi modi di produzione capitalistici.